Abstract: Method and apparatuses for diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are disclosed herein. A DOT device includes a substrate, one or more radiation sources, a plurality of detectors, and structures disposed over the second surface of the plurality of detectors. The one or more radiation sources are disposed over or under a surface of the substrate. Each detector of the plurality of detectors has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is opposite the second surface. The first surface of the plurality of detectors disposed over or under the surface of the substrate. The method of DOT method of includes emitting and scattering radiation from one or more sources of a DOT device; detecting scattered radiation with a plurality of detectors of the DOT device; and translating the scattered radiation that is detected into data.

Abstract: A scanning element, for measuring a position along a measuring direction, includes a multilayer printed circuit board. The printed circuit board has a first receiver track that includes a first receiver circuit trace. The printed circuit board also has a connecting line that includes a first conductor trace and a second conductor trace, the connecting line crossing the first receiver track. In at least one first section of the connecting line, the first conductor trace is arranged offset to the second conductor trace in the positive measuring direction, and, in at least one second section of the connecting line, the second conductor trace is arranged offset to the first conductor trace in the positive measuring direction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improvement in operation of wash columns, and more in particular to an apparatus for separating solid particles from a slurry and to a process for separating solid particles from a mother liquor slurry. The apparatus of the invention comprises a wash column (1), which comprises a melting circuit (8,10,11,21), wherein means (22,23) are present to introduce a compound or composition to said wash column between a wash front (6b) formed in said wash column in operation and a product outlet and/or in the melting circuit.

Abstract: An article of weightlifting equipment includes a weightlifting jacket having a main vest-shaped body having a front covering the torso of a user, a back connected to the front, and one or more pads that provide a cushion to provide comfort and to protect the user from injury by reducing the force on the body caused by a barbell. The pads include a front pad that is positioned on the portion of the jacket front to cover the lower torso of a user wearing the weightlifting jacket. The jacket also includes one or more adjustable straps that allow the jacket to be fitted for users of different sizes. The equipment can have other forms, such as a belt instead of a jacket for positioning the torso pad.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improvement in operation of wash columns, and more in particular to an apparatus for separating solid particles from a slurry and to a process for separating solid particles from a mother liquor slurry. The apparatus of the invention comprises a wash column (1), which comprises a melting circuit (8,10,11,21), wherein means (22,23) are present to introduce a compound or composition to said wash column between a wash front (6b) formed in said wash column in operation and a product outlet and/or in the melting circuit.

Abstract: A diffuser is described with an entry section close to the last stage of a turbine having an outer wall including several subsequent straight wall parts at an angle to each other followed by a curved wall part with the curved wall part connecting the straight wall parts to a diffuser lip or exit and having as vertical cross-section a non-circular 2nd order curve, preferably part of an elliptic curve.

Abstract: Process for purifying a stream comprising phosphoric acid and a first amount of impurities, comprising: forming a slurry of phosphoric acid crystals in a water mother liquor; separating the phosphoric acid crystals from the mother liquor by filtration in a wash column comprising a filtering element, while a packed bed of crystals coming from the slurry forms near such filtering element; washing the separated phosphoric acid crystals in the wash column by bringing a washing liquid in countercurrent to the crystals in the bed up to a wash front, where the washing liquid recrystallizes, the bed being subjected to a movement in the direction of such wash front; forming a purified stream comprising phosphoric acid and a reduced amount of impurities by melting at least part of the washed crystals; and extracting the purified stream from the wash column through a product outlet of the wash column; wherein water is introduced into the wash column, between the wash front and the product outlet and/or in a melting circ

Abstract: An exemplary control stage of a steam turbine is disclosed, which includes plural staging valves circumferentially distributed around the turbine for regulating steam admission flow so as to control the loading of the turbine. Nozzle chambers are connected to a downstream end of each staging valve. An arc of admission forms the downstream portion of each nozzle chamber, and control stage nozzles in the arcs of admission define the downstream end of the nozzle chamber. Each nozzle chamber has at least two arcs of admission, each with a different circumferential dimension.

Abstract: An exemplary control stage of a steam turbine is disclosed, which includes plural staging valves circumferentially distributed around the turbine for regulating steam admission flow so as to control the loading of the turbine. Nozzle chambers are connected to a downstream end of each staging valve. An arc of admission forms the downstream portion of each nozzle chamber, and control stage nozzles in the arcs of admission define the downstream end of the nozzle chamber. Each nozzle chamber has at least two arcs of admission, each with a different circumferential dimension.

Abstract: Process for the purification of aqueous peroxygen solutions comprising the treatment of an aqueous peroxygen solution with (a) at least one membrane purification step, (b) optionally at least one ion exchange purification step, (c) optionally at least one dilution step, and (d) at least one other purification step, all of which can be conducted in any sequence. Aqueous peroxygen solutions having a TOC level of less than 1 mg/kg can be obtained by this process. They can be used in the manufacture of semiconductors.

Abstract: Process for the purification of aqueous peroxygen solutions comprising the treatment of an aqueous peroxygen solution with (a) at least one membrane purification step, (b) optionally at least one ion exchange purification step, (c) optionally at least one dilution step, and (d) at least one other purification step, all of which can be conducted in any sequence. Aqueous peroxygen solutions having a TOC level of less than 1 mg/kg can be obtained by this process. They can be used in the manufacture of semiconductors.

Abstract: An armature for an electric motor has a lamination stack having slots in which magnet wires are wound. An armature shaft extends coaxially through the lamination stack and a commutator is disposed on the armature shaft to which ends of the magnet wires are electrically coupled. Plastic is molded around the magnet wires and the armature shaft to increase the stiffness of the armature shaft, which increases the critical frequency of the armature shaft. In an aspect, an electric motor has such an armature. In an aspect, a power tool has an electric motor having such an armature.

Abstract: An armature for an electric motor has a lamination stack on a shaft with a commutator mounted on one end of the shaft. Magnet wires wound in slots in the lamination stack, the commutator and armature shaft are at least partially encapsulated in a first plastic, such as by insert molding. The commutator has a commutator ring divided into a plurality of segments with slots between the segments that are filled with a second plastic when the commutator is made by molding a core of the second plastic, such as phenolic, in the commutator ring before the commutator ring is mounted on the armature shaft. Where the commutator is a tang type commutator, the commutator ring has notches at axial ends of the slots which is filled with the second plastic when the second plastic is molded. The mold used to mold the first plastic includes projections that extend between the tangs of the commutator and against the notches at axial ends of the slots of the commuter.

Abstract: A method for forming an armature for an electric motor includes securing a lamination stack having slots therein on an armature shaft. A commutator is secured on one end of the armature shaft. Magnet wires are wound in the slots in the lamination stack and ends of the magnet wires are secured to the commutator. Plastic is molded around the lamination stack, commutator and magnet wires. Excess plastic is machined off. The magnet wires can have a layer of heat activated adhesive that is activated when the plastic is molded. Slots in the lamination stack can include slot liners formed of thermally conductive plastic. A fan can be formed when the thermally conductive plastic is molded to encapsulate the magnet wires.

Abstract: An electric motor has an armature and a stators. The armature has a lamination stack having slots therein. An internal shaft extends coaxially through the lamination stack. A plurality of magnet wires are wound in the slots of the lamination stack. A commutator is disposed on the armature shaft to which ends of the magnet wires are electrically coupled. The internal is shaft coupled to an external pinion and bearing journal by an insulated coupling. The magnet wires are at least partially encased in thermally conductive plastic. The magnet wires can have a layer of heat activated adhesive that is activated when the plastic is molded. Slots in the lamination stack can include slot liners formed of thermally conductive plastic. A fan can be formed when the thermally conductive plastic is molded to encapsulate the magnet wires. A power tool has the electric motor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of removing substances present in water, in particular halogen-oxygen compounds which remain in the water as residues of disinfecting or are formed as by-products of oxidative water treatment. According to the invention, the substances present in water are removed by catalytic reduction in the presence of hydrogen on a supported precious metal catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for the catalytic treatment of aqueous liquids containing germs, for example, for the catalytic removal of oxygen, nitrite or nitrate in drinking, culinary or waste water, the germ contamination of a catalysts which are used can be prevented when the process is carried out in the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of introducing hydrogen into aqueous liquids without forming bubbles.In this case, the introduction of the gas takes place through a composite membrane with a non-porous coating on the liquid side. Preferred fields of use relate to the charging of hydrogen into biologically or catalytically operating processes for the removal of oxygen, nitrite and/or nitrate from water.

Abstract: The description relates to a particularly abrasion-resistant catalyst carrier of special activated aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide consists of either the "gamma" or the "kappa" modification and has no "delta" modification, or it consists of the "kappa" and "theta" modifications and has no "alpha" modification. Carrier catalysts which contain catalytically active metals and/or metal compounds on the abrasion-resistant carrier are especially suitable for use in fluidized bed processes.

Abstract: The description relates to an abrasion-resistant carrier catalyst for removing the nitrite and/or nitrate content of polluted water with selective nitrogen formation. The catalytically active metal component is palladium and/or rhodium or palladium and a metal from the copper group. The carrier consists of aluminum oxide in the "theta" and "kappa" modification and has either one maximum pore diameter in the 70 to 150 nm (700 to 1500 .ANG.) range or two maxima in the 10 to 150 nm (100 to 1500 .ANG.) range. The description also relates to a continuously operable process for the removal or reduction of the oxygen, nitrite and/or nitrate content of water by catalytic hydrogenation. The process is implemented using the novel carrier catalysts, the carriers being made of aluminum oxide of the theta and kappa modifications. Contamination of the catalyst is effectively prevented by the preferred use according to the fluidized bed process.