Abstract: The present invention includes non-invasive methods of treating aging using low frequency structured and modulated ultrasound. The ultrasound irradiation causes mechanical stretching of cells even within the body of an organism which in turn can reverse the characteristics of senescent cells to counteract the effect of senescent cells on the function of the tissues wherein they reside. Senescence reversal by ultrasound involves at least one of: activates cell growth, reduces cell size, increases secretion of growth factors, increases mitochondrial fission and/or promotes wound healing. Ultrasound treatment improves the function of aged individuals, of specific organs, of wound healing and enables the greater expansion of normal cells in vitro. Ultrasound can be delivered in spas for the whole organism or smaller targeted ultrasound devices can be made for specific organs or cell applications.

Abstract: Senescent cells are implicated in aspects of age-related decline in health and may contribute to certain diseases. Senescent cells also limit the viability of cells in cell culture. The invention includes methods of using a stressor (e.g., shock waves, pneumatics, hydraulics, magnetic elements, etc.) to reverse senescence. In embodiments, cells are exposed to ultrasound to reverse senescence. Ultrasound can be used to administered in short duration pressure waves to cells to create mechanical stresses. These conditions are safe for normal tissue and do not adversely influence their function. The stressor can rejuvenate senescent cells so that they are phenotypically normal. Additional embodiments include methods of treating senescence-associated diseases and disorders by administering a stressor such as low frequency ultrasound (LFU). The methods described herein can also be used for slowing the aging process and/or reducing signs of aging.

Abstract: The composition of matter comprising Ga(Sbx)N1?x where x=0.01 to 0.06 is characterized by a band gap between 2.4 and 1.7 eV. A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer of that composition. A photoelectric cell includes that semiconductor device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions which utilize binding relationships between detector molecules and their ligands for labeling molecules of interest in vivo. A “target” molecule is linked to a detector molecule (such as a protein or a nucleic acid) and the function and/or location of the target molecule is monitored by binding the detector molecule its ligand, which carries a detectable label. In particular embodiments of the invention, an intracellular fusion protein comprising a target protein and a detector protein is bound to a membrane-permeable, fluorescently-labeled ligand of the detector protein, thereby providing an adjunct or alternative to Green Fluorescent Protein.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring nanometer level binding reactions are described herein. In some embodiments, the disclosed subject matter is directed to a device comprising (a) a substrate having a surface and (b) an ordered array of posts, pits, or patches over the surface, wherein the posts, pits, or patches are capable of binding a protein or small molecule ligand, and wherein the pitch between adjacent posts, pits, or patches is less than about 100 nm. In some other embodiments, the disclosed subject matter is also directed to methods for identifying the presence of an analyte in a fluid and to methods for measuring relative binding specificity or affinity between an analyte in a fluid and the posts, pits, or patches, using the device of the disclosed subject matter.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device comprising (a) a substrate having a surface and (b) an ordered array of posts over the surface, wherein the posts are capable of binding a protein or small molecule ligand, and wherein the pitch between adjacent posts is less than about 100 nm. The invention is also directed to methods for identifying the presence of an analyte in a fluid and to methods for measuring relative binding specificity or affinity between an analyte in a fluid and the posts, using the device of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions which utilize binding relationships between detector molecules and their ligands for labeling molecules of interest in vivo. A “target” molecule is linked to a detector molecule (such as a protein or a nucleic acid) and the function and/or location of the target molecule is monitored by binding the detector molecule its ligand, which carries a detectable label. In particular embodiments of the invention, an intracellular fusion protein comprising a target protein and a detector protein is bound to a membrane-permeable, fluorescently-labeled ligand of the detector protein, thereby providing an adjunct or alternative to Green Fluorescent Protein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cytoskeletal system composed of purified components which allow for the identification of key proteins involved in mechanotransduction. The system comprises a cytoskeleton network deficient in force-dependent proteins, exogenous proteins in contact with the cytoskeleton network, a means for applying a force to the cytoskeleton network, and a means for identifying any of the exogenous proteins that bind to the cytoskeleton network when a force is applied to the cytoskeleton network, wherein proteins identified are involved in mechnotransduction. The invention further relates to a method for identifying proteins involved in mechanotransduction using the cytoskeletal system of the present invention. The identification of key players involved in mechanotransduction allows for the identification of agents capable of inhibiting or enhancing mechanotransduction.

Abstract: This invention provides two compositions. The first composition comprises a nanotube and at least one anti-nanotube antibody, wherein the anti-nanotube antibody is bound to the nanotube. The second composition comprises a fullerene and at least one anti-fullerene antibody, wherein the anti-fullerene antibody is bound to the fullerene. Finally, this invention provides methods and kits relating to the antibody and compositions of matter.

Abstract: This invention provides two compositions. The first composition comprises a nanotube and at least one anti-nanotube antibody, wherein the anti-nanotube antibody is bound to the nanotube. The second composition comprises a fullerene and at least one anti-fullerene antibody, wherein the anti-fullerene antibody is bound to the fullerene. Finally, this invention provides methods and kits relating to the antibody and compositions of matter.