Patents by Inventor Michael Slootsky
Michael Slootsky has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20250151509Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 8, 2025Publication date: May 8, 2025Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae, Yusuke Fujino, Michael Slootsky
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Patent number: 12225751Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 2023Date of Patent: February 11, 2025Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae, Yusuke Fujino, Michael Slootsky
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Patent number: 12206061Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. The display has pixels configured to display an image. The display is mounted in a housing. The housing may include head-mounted support structures configured to support the display for viewing through lenses. The pixels of the display may be covered by a layer of thin-film encapsulation. The thin-film encapsulation may be covered with a cover layer such as a glass cover layer that is attached to the thin-film encapsulation layer by a layer of adhesive. To suppress internal light reflections, the display may include reflection suppression structures. The reflection suppression structures may include an antireflection layer and/or polarizer and waveplate layers. The reflection suppression structures may be formed on an outwardly facing surface of the cover layer and/or between the thin-film encapsulation layer and the cover layer.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 2020Date of Patent: January 21, 2025Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Dagny Fleischman, Chi-Jui Chung, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Giovanni Carbone, Graham B. Myhre, Michael Slootsky
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Publication number: 20240385454Abstract: A head-mountable display device includes a housing defining a front opening and a rear opening, a display screen disposed in the front opening, a display assembly disposed in the rear opening, a first securement strap coupled to the housing, the first securement strap including a first electronic component, a second securement strap coupled to the housing, the second securement strap including a second electronic component, and a securement band extending between and coupled to the first securement strap and the second securement strap.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 13, 2024Publication date: November 21, 2024Inventors: Ricardo J. Motta, Brett D. Miller, Chad A. Bronstein, Bennett S. Wilburn, Branko Petljanski, Mahmut C. Orsan, David W. Lum, Edward A. Valko, Graham B. Myhre, Wonjae Choi, Manohar B. Srikanth, Michael Slootsky, Nicolas P. Bonnier, Jiaying Wu, ZhiBing Ge, William W. Sprague, Bertrand Nepveu, Michael J. Rockwell, Edward S. Huo, Marinus Meursing, Timothy Y. Chang, Katharina Buckl
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Patent number: 12132127Abstract: There is disclosed ultrahigh-efficiency single- and multi-junction thin-film solar cells. This disclosure is also directed to a substrate-damage-free epitaxial lift-off (“ELO”) process that employs adhesive-free, reliable and lightweight cold-weld bonding to a substrate, such as bonding to plastic or metal foils shaped into compound parabolic metal foil concentrators. By combining low-cost solar cell production and ultrahigh-efficiency of solar intensity-concentrated thin-film solar cells on foil substrates shaped into an integrated collector, as described herein, both lower cost of the module as well as significant cost reductions in the infrastructure is achieved.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 2021Date of Patent: October 29, 2024Assignee: The Regents of the University of MichiganInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Christopher Kyle Renshaw, Michael Slootsky
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Patent number: 12112681Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. The display may include an array of pixels formed on a silicon substrate. Display driver circuitry may be formed in a display driver integrated circuit that outputs display data and other control signals for operating the display. An interposer structure may be included in the electronic device. The interposer structure may be attached to the silicon display substrate and may only partially overlap the silicon display substrate. The display driver integrated circuit may be attached to the interposer structure and provide signals to the display pixels through the interposer structure. In another possible arrangement, the display driver integrated circuit may bridge a gap between the silicon display substrate and the flexible printed circuit. The display driver integrated circuit only partially overlaps the silicon display substrate in this arrangement.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 2022Date of Patent: October 8, 2024Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Steven M Scardato, Baris Cagdaser, Patrick B Bennett, Michael Slootsky, Alejandro X Levander, Henry C Jen
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Patent number: 12108632Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 2023Date of Patent: October 1, 2024Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen, Yusuke Fujino
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Publication number: 20240310635Abstract: A hybrid display may include different display portions with different resolutions. The high resolution display portion may be positioned in a main viewing area for the viewer whereas the low resolution display portion may be positioned in a peripheral viewing area. The high resolution display portion may have a silicon backplane. The low resolution display portion may have a different type of backplane such as a thin-film transistor backplane. The different display portions may optionally share a common organic light-emitting diode layer such that light is emitted from the same plane across both display portions. The high resolution display portion may emit light through a transparent window in the low resolution display portion. A high resolution display may also be formed by separately forming a frontplane and a backplane. Conductive attachment structures such as indium bumps may be used to mechanically and electrically connect the backplane to the frontplane.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 22, 2024Publication date: September 19, 2024Inventors: James E Pedder, Patrick B Bennett, Michael Slootsky, Graham B Myhre, Andrew Lin
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Publication number: 20240081134Abstract: A hybrid display may include different display portions with different resolutions. The high resolution display portion may be positioned in a main viewing area for the viewer whereas the low resolution display portion may be positioned in a peripheral viewing area. The high resolution display portion may have a silicon backplane. The low resolution display portion may have a different type of backplane such as a thin-film transistor backplane. The different display portions may optionally share a common organic light-emitting diode layer such that light is emitted from the same plane across both display portions. The high resolution display portion may emit light through a transparent window in the low resolution display portion. A high resolution display may also be formed by separately forming a frontplane and a backplane. Conductive attachment structures such as indium bumps may be used to mechanically and electrically connect the backplane to the frontplane.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 5, 2023Publication date: March 7, 2024Inventors: James E Pedder, Patrick B Bennett, Michael Slootsky, Graham B Myhre, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Guanjun Tan
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Patent number: 11744097Abstract: Arrangements and techniques for providing organic emissive layers are provided, in which the emissive layer includes a first dopant having a dissociative energy level. A second dopant in the emissive layer provides a solid state sink energy level, to which doubly excited excitons and/or polarons may transition instead of to the dissociative energy level, thereby decreasing the undesirable effects of transitions to the dissociative energy level.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 2021Date of Patent: August 29, 2023Assignees: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Michael Slootsky, Mark E. Thompson
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Publication number: 20230240100Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 31, 2023Publication date: July 27, 2023Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11647650Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 2021Date of Patent: May 9, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Publication number: 20230062202Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. The display may include an array of pixels formed on a silicon substrate. Display driver circuitry may be formed in a display driver integrated circuit that outputs display data and other control signals for operating the display. An interposer structure may be included in the electronic device. The interposer structure may be attached to the silicon display substrate and may only partially overlap the silicon display substrate. The display driver integrated circuit may be attached to the interposer structure and provide signals to the display pixels through the interposer structure. In another possible arrangement, the display driver integrated circuit may bridge a gap between the silicon display substrate and the flexible printed circuit. The display driver integrated circuit only partially overlaps the silicon display substrate in this arrangement.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 26, 2022Publication date: March 2, 2023Inventors: Steven M Scardato, Baris Cagdaser, Patrick B Bennett, Michael Slootsky, Alejandro X Levander, Henry C Jen
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Patent number: 11309372Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 2018Date of Patent: April 19, 2022Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Chun-Yao Huang, Gloria Wong, Hairong Tang, Hitoshi Yamamoto, James E. Pedder, KiBeom Kim, Kwang Ohk Cheon, Lei Yuan, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Wendi Chang, Chun-Ming Tang, Cheng Chen, Ivan Knez, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Giovanni Carbone, Graham B. Myhre, Jungmin Lee
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Publication number: 20220013672Abstract: There is disclosed ultrahigh-efficiency single- and multi-junction thin-film solar cells. This disclosure is also directed to a substrate-damage-free epitaxial lift-off (“ELO”) process that employs adhesive-free, reliable and lightweight cold-weld bonding to a substrate, such as bonding to plastic or metal foils shaped into compound parabolic metal foil concentrators. By combining low-cost solar cell production and ultrahigh-efficiency of solar intensity-concentrated thin-film solar cells on foil substrates shaped into an integrated collector, as described herein, both lower cost of the module as well as significant cost reductions in the infrastructure is achieved.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 24, 2021Publication date: January 13, 2022Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Christopher Kyle Renshaw, Michael Slootsky
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Publication number: 20220005894Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 15, 2021Publication date: January 6, 2022Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Publication number: 20210408422Abstract: Arrangements and techniques for providing organic emissive layers are provided, in which the emissive layer includes a first dopant having a dissociative energy level. A second dopant in the emissive layer provides a solid state sink energy level, to which doubly excited excitons and/or polarons may transition instead of to the dissociative energy level, thereby decreasing the undesirable effects of transitions to the dissociative energy level.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 11, 2021Publication date: December 30, 2021Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Michael SLOOTSKY, Mark E. THOMPSON
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Patent number: 11145700Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 2020Date of Patent: October 12, 2021Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11105963Abstract: Optical systems may have tunable lenses with focal lengths that are adjusted by control circuitry. A display may produce image light that is received by a tunable lens. The display may be transparent so that light from objects can pass through the display and be received by the tunable lens. The tunable lens may include a birefringent lens element and a polarization rotator and may receive light that has been linearly polarized by passing through a linear polarizer. The polarization rotator may be operable in a first state in which the polarization of light passing through the polarization rotator is not rotated and a second state in which the polarization of light passing through the polarization rotator is rotated by 90°. The birefringent lens element may be formed from a cured liquid crystal polymer or other polymer and may have a liquid crystal additive to enhance birefringence.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 2017Date of Patent: August 31, 2021Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Yuan Chen, Bennett S. Wilburn, Cheng Chen, Michael Slootsky, Shuang Wang, Zhibing Ge
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Patent number: 11031569Abstract: Arrangements and techniques for providing organic emissive layers are provided, in which the emissive layer includes a first dopant having a dissociative energy level. A second dopant in the emissive layer provides a solid state sink energy level, to which doubly excited excitons and/or polarons may transition instead of to the dissociative energy level, thereby decreasing the undesirable effects of transitions to the dissociative energy level.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 2019Date of Patent: June 8, 2021Assignees: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAInventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Michael Slootsky, Mark E. Thompson