Abstract: Reamer instruments and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for reaming bone to facilitate in situ assembly of a bone anchor. In some embodiments, the instrument can include a feedback mechanism configured to alert the user when sufficient bone has been removed to facilitate assembly of the bone anchor. The feedback mechanism can be triggered by a movable shaft of the instrument that is displaced by the shank portion of the bone anchor as the surrounding bone is reamed.

Abstract: Biplanar forceps reducer instruments and methods are disclosed herein. The instruments disclosed herein can engage an implant, such as a bone anchor receiver head, and reduce or move a spinal fixation element, such as a rod, in two planes to move the rod into a channel formed in the receiver head. Further, the biplanar forceps reducer instruments disclosed herein can allow for introduction and tightening of a set screw using an inserter that can pass through a cannulated tube of the reducer. The low profile and biplanar reduction functionality can allow a single type of reducer instrument to couple with each bone anchor along a spinal fixation construct and remain in position until the construct is secured in position.

Abstract: Bone screw drivers are disclosed that apply torque to a threaded shank of a bone screw assembly and receive a cement delivery device to introduce bone cement through the threaded shank. Also disclosed are driver adapters that couple to a driver in order to facilitate application of torque thereto. The driver adapter can decouple from the driver after implanting a bone screw shank to allow the subsequent use of a cement delivery device in combination with the driver. The devices can be reusable and can employ a number of additional components, including retaining and counter-torque sleeves, driving handles, etc. Further, the devices can allow setup of a bone screw inserter assembly outside a surgical field, such that a completed assembly can be passed to a surgeon or other user for immediate use.

Abstract: Surgical instruments and related methods are disclosed for performing rod reduction, derotation, and/or setscrew insertion during spinal surgery. One example instrument that can accommodate performing all of these functions can include an inner sleeve having a proximal threaded portion, a distal portion configured to rotate relative to the proximal threaded portion, an inner channel, and a modular drive interface disposed at a proximal end of the threaded portion. The instrument can further include an intermediate sleeve having an inner channel with a threaded proximal portion configured to receive the inner sleeve, the intermediate sleeve terminating in a pair of extensions at a distal end thereof. The instrument can further include an outer sleeve having an inner channel configured to receive the intermediate sleeve, the outer sleeve terminating in a pair of extensions at a distal end thereof.

Abstract: Example instruments disclosed herein can include a bar that can engage a rod slot of a hook or other implant. A user can tighten a setscrew to make a rigid connection between the instrument and the implant. The bar can prevent the need for counter-torque on the implant during engagement and disengagement by virtue of its rigid connection to the implant. The instrument can also include a handle and a shaft extending at an angle from a distal end of the instrument. The handle can be used to both hold and manipulate the implant into place. A mallet can be applied to the handle to transmit insertion forces to the implant to facilitate insertion thereof. Example instruments can include a setscrew captured in a distal housing by one or more pins that allow translation of the setscrew within the distal housing but prevent removal of the setscrew from the housing.

Abstract: Modular surgical instruments or components that utilize a magnetic coupling to more securely attach to other surgical instruments and components are disclosed. The devices can be modular drivers for use with surgical instruments that utilize an actuation force, such as a spinal rod reducer. In one example, a surgical instrument driver can include a non-magnetic body having a proximal end and a distal end with a distal-facing recess configured to receive a portion of a surgical instrument. The recess can include a surface configured to contact the portion of the surgical instrument disposed in the recess to impart torque thereto. The driver can further include a magnet disposed within the body such that the magnet is configured to extend proximal to a proximal end of a surgical instrument disposed within the recess and radially outward beyond the proximal end of the surgical instrument disposed within the recess.

Abstract: Surgical instruments that are configured to couple to a bone anchor assembly to provide a modular platform for carrying out various steps of a surgical procedure, such as spinal rod reduction and derotation, are provided. For example, in one embodiment a surgical instrument can include an outer sleeve terminating in a pair of extensions, an inner sleeve having a proximal threaded portion and a distal translating portion configured to pass through the outer sleeve, and a pair of pivoting arms received in the extensions of the outer sleeve. The pivoting arms can be configured to extend into a channel of the outer sleeve to couple a bone anchor to the outer sleeve, and a proximal end portion of the outer sleeve can include one or more flats configured to engage with another instrument.

Abstract: Surgical instruments that are configured to couple to a bone anchor assembly to provide a modular platform for carrying out various steps of a surgical procedure, such as spinal rod reduction and derotation, are provided. For example, in one embodiment a surgical instrument can include an outer sleeve terminating in a pair of extensions, an inner sleeve having a proximal threaded portion and a distal translating portion configured to pass through the outer sleeve, and a pair of pivoting arms received in the extensions of the outer sleeve. The pivoting arms can be configured to extend into a channel of the outer sleeve to couple a bone anchor to the outer sleeve, and a proximal end portion of the outer sleeve can include one or more flats configured to engage with another instrument.

Abstract: Surgical instruments for cutting surgical components either in situ or ex situ are disclosed. The surgical instruments can include a translating anvil that can be driven relative to an outer sleeve by a rotating an inner sleeve relative to the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve can be separable into a distal tip and a proximal base tube that can be modularly coupled to one another and selectively locked against separation. A distal portion of the outer sleeve can include a hooked shape with an opening to receive a rod or other component therein that can be selectively closed by a pivoting capture arm. Actuation of the instrument can occur by manual user power or by powered instrument, such as a driver. The outer sleeve can interface with additional instruments or components, such as a counter-torque handle, to prevent rotation thereof during actuation of the inner sleeve relative thereto.

Abstract: Bone anchor assemblies and related instrumentation are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a modular bone anchor assembly allows for a bone anchor to be driven into bone and a head or receiver member to be attached thereto at some later point in time. The bone anchor can have a smaller footprint than the complete assembly, which can improve visualization and anatomical spatial awareness during insertion of the bone anchor and during other surgical steps performed prior to attaching the head or receiver member to the bone anchor. A variety of modular head types are disclosed, as are various instruments for driving a bone anchor, attaching a head to a bone anchor, removing a head from a bone anchor, and making a unilateral attachment to a head of a bone anchor assembly. Drive interfaces for driving a bone anchor are disclosed, as are features that allow a bone anchor to act as a fixation point for soft tissue retraction, disc space distraction, derotation, and the like.

Abstract: Surgical instruments for interfacing with implants can include an inserter configured to dock to a unilateral portion of an implant. The inserter can include a control shaft that is configured to lock or unlock the inserter coupling with the implant. Actuation of the control shaft can occur by way of a knob that can control movement of the control shaft. The inserter can facilitate positioning of the implant relative to a surgical site and allow for application of counter-torque when imparting torque for tightening a set screw, etc. Additional instruments can also be used to manipulate the implant. For example, auxiliary instruments can be coupled to the inserter, such as a reducer instrument, to facilitate rod reduction, etc. Alternatively or in addition, a holder instrument can be used that has a threaded distal engagement feature for coupling to the implant to facilitate positioning thereof.

Abstract: Bone anchor assemblies and related instrumentation are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a modular bone anchor assembly allows for a bone anchor to be driven into bone and a head or receiver member to be attached thereto at some later point in time. The bone anchor can have a smaller footprint than the complete assembly, which can improve visualization and anatomical spatial awareness during insertion of the bone anchor and during other surgical steps performed prior to attaching the head or receiver member to the bone anchor. A variety of modular head types are disclosed, as are various instruments for driving a bone anchor, attaching a head to a bone anchor, removing a head from a bone anchor, and making a unilateral attachment to a head of a bone anchor assembly. Drive interfaces for driving a bone anchor are disclosed, as are features that allow a bone anchor to act as a fixation point for soft tissue retraction, disc space distraction, derotation, and the like.

Abstract: Devices and methods for enhancing the effectiveness of spinal stabilization, and particularly that of cervical spinal stabilization, are provided herein. More specifically, methods and systems are disclosed for effectively positioning occipital plates and spinal fixation assemblies within target vertebrae, while also reducing any associated patient trauma (e.g., muscle stripping, tissue damage, etc.). The systems and methods can utilize trans-lamina delivery of the spinal fixation assemblies to allow for the positioning of the fixation elements along the midline of the patient's spine.

Abstract: Reamer instruments and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for reaming bone to facilitate in situ assembly of a bone anchor. In some embodiments, the instrument can include a feedback mechanism configured to alert the user when sufficient bone has been removed to facilitate assembly of the bone anchor. The feedback mechanism can be triggered by a movable shaft of the instrument that is displaced by the shank portion of the bone anchor as the surrounding bone is reamed.

Abstract: Bone screw drivers are disclosed that apply torque to a threaded shank of a bone screw assembly and receive a cement delivery device to introduce bone cement through the threaded shank. Also disclosed are driver adapters that couple to a driver in order to facilitate application of torque thereto. The driver adapter can decouple from the driver after implanting a bone screw shank to allow the subsequent use of a cement delivery device in combination with the driver. The devices can be reusable and can employ a number of additional components, including retaining and counter-torque sleeves, driving handles, etc. Further, the devices can allow setup of a bone screw inserter assembly outside a surgical field, such that a completed assembly can be passed to a surgeon or other user for immediate use.

Abstract: Reamer instruments and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for reaming bone to facilitate in situ assembly of a bone anchor. In some embodiments, the instrument can include a feedback mechanism configured to alert the user when sufficient bone has been removed to facilitate assembly of the bone anchor. The feedback mechanism can be triggered by a movable shaft of the instrument that is displaced by the shank portion of the bone anchor as the surrounding bone is reamed.

Abstract: An array stabilizer for a surgical system includes a pair of arms configured to extend alongside opposite sides of a portion of an array adapter, which is attachable to a rotational instrument in a manner such that the rotational instrument is rotatable about a central axis relative to the array adapter. The array adapter is configured to extend from another component of the surgical system, such that at least one of the arms of the array adapter is configured to resist rotation of the array adapter about the central axis relative to such component as the rotational instrument rotates. The array stabilizer is either rigidly integrated with such component or is coupled to such component via a coupling device.

Abstract: Surgical instruments that are configured to couple to a bone anchor assembly to provide a modular platform for carrying out various steps of a surgical procedure, such as spinal rod reduction and derotation, are provided. For example, in one embodiment a surgical instrument can include an outer sleeve terminating in a pair of extensions, an inner sleeve having a proximal threaded portion and a distal translating portion configured to pass through the outer sleeve, and a pair of pivoting arms received in the extensions of the outer sleeve. The pivoting arms can be configured to extend into a channel of the outer sleeve to couple a bone anchor to the outer sleeve, and a proximal end portion of the outer sleeve can include one or more flats configured to engage with another instrument.

Abstract: Biplanar forceps reducer instruments and methods are disclosed herein. The instruments disclosed herein can engage an implant, such as a bone anchor receiver head, and reduce or move a spinal fixation element, such as a rod, in two planes to move the rod into a channel formed in the receiver head. Further, the biplanar forceps reducer instruments disclosed herein can allow for introduction and tightening of a set screw using an inserter that can pass through a cannulated tube of the reducer. The low profile and biplanar reduction functionality can allow a single type of reducer instrument to couple with each bone anchor along a spinal fixation construct and remain in position until the construct is secured in position.

Abstract: Bone anchor assemblies and related instrumentation are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a modular bone anchor assembly allows for a bone anchor to be driven into bone and a head or receiver member to be attached thereto at some later point in time. The bone anchor can have a smaller footprint than the complete assembly, which can improve visualization and anatomical spatial awareness during insertion of the bone anchor and during other surgical steps performed prior to attaching the head or receiver member to the bone anchor. A variety of modular head types are disclosed, as are various instruments for driving a bone anchor, attaching a head to a bone anchor, removing a head from a bone anchor, and making a unilateral attachment to a head of a bone anchor assembly. Drive interfaces for driving a bone anchor are disclosed, as are features that allow a bone anchor to act as a fixation point for soft tissue retraction, disc space distraction, derotation, and the like.