Abstract: A multiphase composite lubricant for a railway lubricant stick that can be used in both low and high temperature applications. The composition of the multiphase composite lubricant includes an amount of a lubricant, an amount of a thermoplastic lattice components that forms a lattice structure, and a polymer extender.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber with a hydraulic diameter D. Fuel and a primary oxidant are introduced via a burner lance into the combustion chamber, having a certain mean velocity u1 at entry, and a secondary oxidant with a mean velocity of u2 is introduced into the combustion chamber. The burner lance has a position p that has a distance Id1I defined as the smallest distance between p and a combustion chamber centerline.

Abstract: A method for cleaning of a roller screen transporting and screening particles by means of at least three rotating rollers. The rollers are installed in succession at given clearances and arranged transversally in relation to the transport direction of the particles to screen a desired range of particle sizes. At least one roller changes its circumferential velocity and/or its rotational direction over time at defined time intervals for defined time periods such that for this defined time period for at least one pair of neighbored rollers one roller has a higher circumferential velocity than the other and/or both rollers roll in opposite rotational directions.

Abstract: A method for cleaning of a roller screen transporting and screening particles by means of at least three rotating rollers. The rollers are installed in succession at given clearances and arranged transversally in relation to the transport direction of the particles to screen a desired range of particle sizes. At least one roller changes its circumferential velocity and/or its rotational direction over time at defined time intervals for defined time periods such that for this defined time period for at least one pair of neighbored rollers one roller has a higher circumferential velocity than the other and/or both rollers roll in opposite rotational directions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber with a hydraulic diameter D. Fuel and a primary oxidant are introduced via a burner lance into the combustion chamber, having a certain mean velocity u1 at entry, and a secondary oxidant with a mean velocity of u2 is introduced into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method and its related plant for the thermal treatment of iron containing oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated in a preheating calcining stage and exposed to a reduction gas in a subsequent reduction stage. Off-gas from the reduction stage is guided through a separation device wherein water originating from the reduction stage is separated. The water separated in the separation device is recycled into a water treatment section, from which the recycled water is supplied to a water electrolysis plant and/or a steam reforming plant producing hydrogen, and the produced hydrogen is supplied to the reduction stage as reductant and/or to the preheating calcining stage as fuel and/or to the gas heater as fuel and/or from which the recycled water is supplied to the separation device.

Abstract: A method and its related plant for the thermal treatment of iron containing oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated in a preheating calcining stage and are exposed to a reduction gas in a subsequent reduction stage. Off-gas from the reduction stage is guided through a separation device wherein the water originating from the reduction stage is separated. The off-gas from the preheating calcining stage is guided through a venturi scrubber and a packed bed section downstream of the venturi scrubber to condense water vapor.

Abstract: Provided is a pallet car for the transport of bulk material for a thermal treatment thereof. The pallet car comprises a frame with at least two opposed cross-beams on which grate bars rest and two end pieces each connecting the cross-beams with each other, which each include at least two rollers and at least one side wall. In the pallet car, the grate bars and/or the side walls and/or the insulating plates are made of a ceramic fiber composite, wherein the fibers are metallic and high-temperature resistant.

Abstract: A method for charging pallet cars of a traveling grate for the thermal treatment of bulk material includes in a first step a first layer is applied as a hearth layer on a grate surface of the pallet car. In at least one second step a second layer at the same time or successively is applied as a side layer on two opposed side walls of the pallet car and a third layer is applied as green pellet layer between the side layers and on the hearth layer. The pellets used for the grate and the side layer differ in terms of their diameter and size distribution.

Abstract: A method for charging pallet cars of a traveling grate for the thermal treatment of bulk material includes in a first step a first layer is applied as a hearth layer on a grate surface of the pallet car. In at least one second step a second layer at the same time or successively is applied as a side layer on two opposed side walls of the pallet car and a third layer is applied as green pellet layer between the side layers and on the hearth layer. The pellets used for the grate and the side layer differ in terms of their diameter and size distribution.

Abstract: Provided is a pallet car for the transport of bulk material for a thermal treatment thereof. The pallet car comprises a frame with at least two opposed cross-beams on which grate bars rest and two end pieces each connecting the cross-beams with each other, which each include at least two rollers and at least one side wall. In the pallet car, the grate bars and/or the side walls and/or the insulating plates are made of a ceramic fiber composite, wherein the fibers are metallic and high-temperature resistant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and the respective installation for thermal treatment of granular solids, in particular for producing aluminum oxide from aluminum hydroxide, wherein the solids are heated in at least one preheating stage and then reacted in a reactor at 700 to 1400° C. In at least one preheating stage, the average temperature gradient of the solids amounts to <15K/s and the dwell time of the solids amounts to ?15 s.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the conveyance of fine-grained solids in a fluidized bed reactor and also to a corresponding plant. It is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through a central tube (3) into a mixing chamber (7) of the reactor (1), the central tube (3) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (10) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas. The gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture as well as of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (10) are adjusted such that the particle Froude numbers in the central tube (3) are between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidizied bed (10) between 0.02 and 2 in the mixing chamber (7) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of fine-grained solids, in particular gypsum, in which the solids are heated to a temperature of 50 to 1000° C. in a fluidized bed reactor (1), and to a corresponding plant. To improve the energy utilization, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through a preferably central gas supply tube (3) into a mixing chamber (21) of the reactor (1), the gas supply tube (3) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (2) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas, and to adjust the gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture as well as of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (2) such that the particle Froude numbers in the gas supply tube (3) are between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (2) between 0.02 and 2 and in the mixing chamber (21) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: A plant for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide includes a fluidized bed reactor. The reactor includes at least one gas supply tube at least partly surrounded by an annular chamber in which a stationary annular fluidized bed is located, and a mixing chamber being located above the upper orifice region of the at least one gas supply tube. The gas flowing through the at least one gas supply tube entrains solids from the stationary annular fluidized bed-into the mixing chamber when passing through the upper orifice region of the at least one gas supply tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing metal oxide from metal compounds, in particular metal hydroxide or metal carbonate, in which the metal compound is conveyed into a reactor (25) with fluidized bed, heated there to a temperature of 650 15 to 1150° C. by combustion of fuel, and metal oxide is generated, as well as to a corresponding plant. To improve the utilization of energy, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through a gas supply tube (26) into a mixing chamber (20) of the reactor (25), the gas supply tube (26) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (27) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas, and 20 to adjust the gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture and of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (27) such that the Particle-Froude numbers in the gas supply tube (26) lie between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (27) between 0.02 and 2, and in the mixing chamber (20) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a plant for the heat treatment of solids containing titanium and possibly further metal oxides, in which fine-grained solids are heated to a temperature of 700 to 950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor (1). To improve the energy utilization, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through a gas supply tube (3) into a mixing chamber (7) of the reactor (1), the gas supply tube (3) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (10) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas. The gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture as well as of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (10) are adjusted such that the particle Froude numbers in the gas supply tube (3) are between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (10) between 0.02 and 2 and in the mixing chamber (7) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: A method for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated to a temperature of about 630° C. in a fluidized-bed reactor (1). To improve the utilization of energy, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through a supply tube (3) into a mixing chamber (7) of the reactor (1), the gas supply tube (3) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (10) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas. The gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture and of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bet (10) are adjusted such that the Particle-Froude-Numbers in the gas supply tube (3) are between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (10) between 0.02 and 2, and in the mixing chamber (7) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a plant for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated to a temperature of 700 to 1150° C. in a fluidized bed reactor (8). To improve the utilization of energy, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through at least one gas supply tube (9) into a mixing chamber region (15) of the reactor (8), the gas supply tube (9) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (12) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas. The gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture and of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (12) are adjusted such that the Particle-Froude-Numbers in the gas supply tube (9) are between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (12) between 0.02 and 2, and in the mixing chamber (15) between 0.3 and 30.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a plant for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide, in which fine-grained solids are heated to a temperature of 700 to 1150° C. in a fluidized bed reactor (8). To improve the utilization of energy, it is proposed to introduce a first gas or gas mixture from below through at least one gas supply tube (9) into a mixing chamber region (15) of the reactor (8), the gas supply tube (9) being at least partly surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed (12) which is fluidized by supplying fluidizing gas. The gas velocities of the first gas or gas mixture and of the fluidizing gas for the annular fluidized bed (12) are adjusted such that the Particle-Froude-Numbers in the gas supply tube (9) are between 1 and 100, in the annular fluidized bed (12) between 0.02 and 2, and in the mixing chamber (15) between 0.3 and 30.