Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of managing trading is provided. In a market for a particular type of instrument, electronic data including buy orders and sell orders are received from a plurality of traders. Each buy order has an associated bid price and each sell order has an associated offer price. A determination is made of whether the particular trading order is an outlying trading order by electronically determining whether the particular trading order differs from at least one comparison price by more than a threshold value. If it is determined that the particular trading is an outlying trading order, a restrictive action is taken regarding one or more trading orders. For example, if a trader subsequently submits another trading order that would trade with the outlying trading order, an electronic alert message may be sent to the trader and the subsequent trading order may be prevented from trading with the outlying trading order at least temporarily.

Abstract: An electronic exchange platform configured to: receive respective list of approved Buyside participants for each of a plurality of marketmaking orders; receive a respective marketmaking order for a side of trades on the financial instrument from each of the plurality of Sellside participants; peg a price for the received marketmaking orders to a price relative to and multiple ticks behind a best price on the side in an order book; present market information to Buyside participants identifying marketmaking orders for which the Buyside participants are approved; receive a contra order from a Buyside participant that is approved to trade with a subset of the plurality of marketmaking orders, in which the contra order identifies preferred Sellside participants; distribute the contra order; and determine new best bid and offer in response to the distribution; and adjust remaining marketmaking offers to retain peg in response to determining new best bid or offer.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided herewith for rating a likelihood of payment of one or more cash flows. A computing device receives information about a debt instrument portfolio comprising one or more debt instruments, the information comprising a quantity and a price (e.g., a purchase price) associated with each of the one or more debt instruments. The computing device determines a current market price of each of the one or more debt instruments. The computing device determines a payment schedule for each of the one or more debt instruments, each payment schedule comprising one or more payments, each payment schedule correlating a series of payment amounts with respective scheduled times of payment. The computing device determines a probability of payment for the one or more payments for each of the one or more debt instruments. In some embodiments, the computing device may also determine an expected net present value of the one or more payments.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of managing access to a trading network is provided. A first network login request for a first user is received from a client application. The first network login request includes first authentication information. Based at least on the first authentication information, the first network login request is approved, which authorizes the first user to access the trading network. One or more associated users for which the first user is authorized to act as a proxy is identifying from a plurality of users. User profile information for one of the associated users is obtained and communicated to the client application. The user profile information includes information regarding the second user that can be used to allow the first user to engage in trading activity via the trading network on behalf of the second user.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods that provide a user interface for use with an electronic trading system. The interface notifies the user that the price at which he or she may have attempted to trade has changed and presents the user with the opportunity to submit, modify or cancel the trade command. The user may configure the trading system to enable such a notification based on the time span for the price change, the number of increments of the price change, a combination thereof or any other appropriate consideration for protecting against the occurrence of erroneous price entries. Subsequent trade commands, such as those entered by third parties, may be used to validate prices and execute trades at these prices.

Abstract: An electronic exchange platform configured to: receive respective list of approved Buyside participants for each of a plurality of marketmaking orders; receive a respective marketmaking order for a side of trades on the financial instrument from each of the plurality of Sellside participants; peg a price for the received marketmaking orders to a price relative to and multiple ticks behind a best price on the side in an order book; present market information to Buyside participants identifying marketmaking orders for which the Buyside participants are approved; receive a contra order from a Buyside participant that is approved to trade with a subset of the plurality of marketmaking orders, in which the contra order identifies preferred Sellside participants; distribute the contra order; and determine new best bid and offer in response to the distribution; and adjust remaining marketmaking offers to retain peg in response to determining new best bid or offer.

Abstract: Systems and methods that may provide speculators an opportunity to invest in items and markets that, in the past, were not liquid enough to allow for investment by the general public are provided. Systems and methods for creating indices for these items or markets are also provided. One embodiment of the systems and methods of the invention pertains to the trading of futures and/or options contracts based on an intellectual property assets index. This embodiment allows investors to invest in or hedge against the success of failure of a company's of group of companies' intellectual property assets. Another embodiment of the systems and methods of the invention pertains to the trading of futures and/or options contracts based on a bankruptcy index. This embodiment may provide investors with protection from losses associated with the bankruptcy of one or more companies.

Abstract: A trading system transitions from a first state to a second state and may award a participant, when one or more criteria and/or a status of trading rights are met, with trading priority in the second state to trade on an incoming contra order. The participant may also have an associated order modified as a result of an incoming contra order and/or be caused to automatically trade on an incoming contra order.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of managing trading is provided. A trading order intended for a trading exchange is received from a trader, the trading order having an associated trading order price. A group of distributed trading orders is automatically generated based at least on the trading order price and a set of pre-configured distribution parameters associated with the trading order. The group of distributed trading orders is distributed over a multiple price levels. The generated group of distributed trading orders is automatically submitted to the trading exchange.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for automatically executing a trade of an item between a market participant who issues a request for a quote for an item and a market participant who responds to the request are provided. In some embodiments, an automatic trade may be conditioned upon the acknowledgement, by the participant who issues the request, of an obligation to execute the trade. In some embodiments, the invention may include one or more modules for receiving the request, receiving a quote, receiving a responsive number of units of the item to be traded, decrementing a time interval in which the participant who issues the request is required to trade, and, if that participant does not trade within the time interval, trading on behalf of that participant.

Abstract: Systems and methods of trading items on an electronic trading system according to the invention are provided. The embodiments of the invention are based at least in part on a new order type. The new order type is a modification of a conventional good-until-bettered order type. A good-until-bettered bid/offer is received along with instructions that specify a good-until-bettered increment value and/or duration. The good-until-bettered order is maintained in the electronic trading system until a bid/offer that is better by the specified plurality of standard trading increments is received by the electronic trading system and/or remains in the system for the good-until-bettered duration.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods that provide a user interface for use with an electronic trading system. The interface notifies the user that the price at which he or she may have attempted to trade has changed and presents the user with the opportunity to submit, modify or cancel the trade command. The user may configure the trading system to enable such a notification based on the time span for the price change, the number of increments of the price change, a combination thereof or any other appropriate consideration for protecting against the occurrence of erroneous price entries. Subsequent trade commands, such as those entered by third parties, may be used to validate prices and execute trades at these prices.

Abstract: Various embodiments of exchanges are described. Methods and other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for automatically executing a trade of an item between a market participant who issues a request for a quote for an item and a market participant who responds to the request are provided. In some embodiments, an automatic trade may be conditioned upon the acknowledgement, by the participant who issues the request, of an obligation to execute the trade. In some embodiments, the invention may include one or more modules for receiving the request, receiving a quote, receiving a responsive number of units of the item to be traded, decrementing a time interval in which the participant who issues the request is required to trade, and, if that participant does not trade within the time interval, trading on behalf of that participant.

Abstract: An electronic trading system is described herein. More specifically, the electronic trading system may relate to the substantially simultaneous trading of cash instruments and their related futures contracts for interest-rate related instruments. The electronic trading system may also be used to allow a user (such as a market maker or other suitable participant) to gauge his chance of success at completing both sides of a basis trade within a preferably pre-determined or pre-set interval, while knowing in advance the specific weighting algorithm that will be applied to the basis trade. The electronic trading system may also be used to allow a user to predetermine the exact weighting algorithm to be used on such a basis trade, and to adjust those preferences where necessary or desired.

Abstract: Systems and methods of trading items on an electronic trading system according to the invention are provided. The embodiments of the invention are based at least in part on a new order type. The new order type is an only at best order type, whereby trades are preferably only executed at the best price the item is being bought or sold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for providing customized keyboards for receiving user inputs, and view regions for displaying information for users in useful arrangements. Such keyboards include keys that are pre-programmed to reflect the issues present in each trading pane of the view regions. Using such keys, a user may direct the trading application to quickly and efficiently switch between multiple issues, and place, manipulate or cancel orders on them. The keyboard may also be designed such that multiple keys may be disabled, replaced or mapped to perform different functions.

Abstract: An electronic exchange system includes a physical data bus directly communicatively coupling first and second physical processing elements of an electronic processor. The second element may receive indications of orders from remote devices not part of the system, add each order to a respective one of a queue of buy orders and a queue of sell orders for a financial instrument, and determine a match between orders of the respective queues. The first element may receive an indication of an occurrence of an event, determine that an adjustment to an order is conditioned on a criteria associated with the occurrence, determine that the criteria is satisfied, and transmit, through the physical data bus, to the second element, an indication to adjust the order that acts as an interrupt to processing of the second element to cause the second element to, in response to receiving the indication, adjust the order.

Abstract: Various embodiments of exchanges are described. Methods and other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: An electronic trading system is described herein. More specifically, the electronic trading system may relate to the substantially simultaneous trading of cash instruments and their related futures contracts for interest-rate related instruments. The electronic trading system may also be used to allow a user (such as a market maker or other suitable participant) to gauge his chance of success at completing both sides of a basis trade within a preferably pre-determined or pre-set interval, while knowing in advance the specific weighting algorithm that will be applied to the basis trade. The electronic trading system may also be used to allow a user to predetermine the exact weighting algorithm to be used on such a basis trade, and to adjust those preferences where necessary or desired.