Abstract: A toroidally confined plasma vessel defines a magnetically confined (MC) plasma region that is substantially symmetric by rotation around a central axis and where particles traveling along magnetic fields substantially never strike a wall. A plurality of magnetic field coils provides at least one X-point and guides plasma particles from the magnetically confined plasma region to the divertor target. A total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at the divertor target differs substantially from a total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at a position of the X-point on a last closed flux surface nearest to it; and a current drive means is operative in the MC plasma, including in the region near the Last Closed Flux Surface.

Abstract: A toroidally confined plasma vessel with a substantially symmetric magnetically confined plasma region where a plurality of magnetic field coils are configured to provide at least one X-point, and to guide plasma particles from the magnetically confined region to the divertor target; and wherein the total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) at the divertor target is lower than the total magnetic field strength (comprising all components of the magnetic field) of a position in the SOL between the divertor target and X-point on the last closed flux surface that is nearest to it. When the mean free path of the neutrals is longer than the width of the SOL, one can separate the two critical functions: a) withstanding high-heat flux, and b) pumping of plasma particles to maintain a low density.