Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus may include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation, a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light, and a reflector surrounding the photosensor. The photosensor may be coupled to a wiring board and the reflector may be coupled to the wiring board. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus may include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation, a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light, and a reflector surrounding the photosensor. The photosensor may be coupled to a wiring board and the reflector may be coupled to the wiring board. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus may include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation, a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light, and a reflector surrounding the photosensor. The photosensor may be coupled to a wiring board and the reflector may be coupled to the wiring board. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods as described herein can be used to help stabilize the gain of a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. In an embodiment, an apparatus can include a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. The apparatus can be configured to inject a first input pulse into the semiconductor-based photomultiplier; determine a revised bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier based at least in part on a first output pulse corresponding to the first input pulse and a second output pulse from the semiconductor-based photomultiplier that is obtained at another time as compared to the first output pulse; and adjust a bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier to the revised bias voltage. A calibration light source, a temperature sensor, and temperature information are not required to be used for the method.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods as described herein can be used to help stabilize the gain of a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. In an embodiment, an apparatus can include a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. The apparatus can be configured to inject a first input pulse into the semiconductor-based photomultiplier; determine a revised bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier based at least in part on a first output pulse corresponding to the first input pulse and a second output pulse from the semiconductor-based photomultiplier that is obtained at another time as compared to the first output pulse; and adjust a bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier to the revised bias voltage. A calibration light source, a temperature sensor, and temperature information are not required to be used for the method.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods as described herein can be used to help stabilize the gain of a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. In an embodiment, an apparatus can include a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. The apparatus can be configured to inject a first input pulse into the semiconductor-based photomultiplier; determine a revised bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier based at least in part on a first output pulse corresponding to the first input pulse and a second output pulse from the semiconductor-based photomultiplier that is obtained at another time as compared to the first output pulse; and adjust a bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier to the revised bias voltage. A calibration light source, a temperature sensor, and temperature information are not required to be used for the method.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus may include a scintillator to emit scintillating light in response to absorbing radiation, a photosensor to generate an electronic pulse in response to receiving the scintillating light, and a reflector surrounding the photosensor. The photosensor may be coupled to a wiring board and the reflector may be coupled to the wiring board. The radiation detection apparatus can be more compact and more rugged as compared to radiation detection apparatuses that include a photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods as described herein can be used to help stabilize the gain of a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. In an embodiment, an apparatus can include a semiconductor-based photomultiplier. The apparatus can be configured to inject a first input pulse into the semiconductor-based photomultiplier; determine a revised bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier based at least in part on a first output pulse corresponding to the first input pulse and a second output pulse from the semiconductor-based photomultiplier that is obtained at another time as compared to the first output pulse; and adjust a bias voltage for the semiconductor-based photomultiplier to the revised bias voltage. A calibration light source, a temperature sensor, and temperature information are not required to be used for the method.

Abstract: An electrical passthrough can include a polymer seal and an electrical conductor passing through the seal. The conductor can follow an indirect pathway through the seal. The entry point of the conductor can have a displacement within the seal that is at least 50% of the width of the seal.