Abstract: A method and a system for fissile content measurement that utilizes a detector configured to detect fast neutrons. An external radiation source may be used to induce fission in a sample to allow the measurement of a fissile material of the sample with a low spontaneous fission probability. Analyzing the sample may be based on the energy spectrum of emitted neutrons. That is, the energy information regarding the energy of the fast neutrons is obtained, and the fast neutrons as having a high likelihood of originating in a nuclear fission process as opposed to originating in an (alpha,n) reaction by utilizing the obtained energy information are classified to analyze the sample. Alternatively, a position of interaction in the detector of neutron emitted by the sample is measured, and this position is retraced back through intervening material(s) between the detector and the sample to determine the spacial geometry of the sample.

Abstract: A helmet includes one or more pads on an inside surface of a shell, with the pads including a cushioning material that includes porous particles within a carrier liquid. The surfaces of the pores of the particles are lyophobic, resisting wetting by the carrier liquid. When the carrier liquid is placed under sufficient pressure, for example by an impact against the pad, the carrier liquid is forced into the pores. This causes the system to store and absorb energy within the carrier liquid. The pad may be made of flexible material with a pair of opposed major surface face pieces, with cells full of the liquid and particles extending between the face pieces. The liquid and particles may make up a majority of the volume of the pad, for example being at least 50% of the volume of the pad.

Abstract: A helmet includes one or more pads on an inside surface of a shell, with the pads including a cushioning material that includes porous particles within a carrier liquid. The surfaces of the pores of the particles are lyophobic, resisting wetting by the carrier liquid. When the carrier liquid is placed under sufficient pressure, for example by an impact against the pad, the carrier liquid is forced into the pores. This causes the system to store and absorb energy within the carrier liquid. The pad may be made of flexible material with a pair of opposed major surface face pieces, with cells full of the liquid and particles extending between the face pieces. The liquid and particles may make up a majority of the volume of the pad, for example being at least 50% of the volume of the pad.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a detector system to detect gamma and neutron radiation. In one embodiment, a detector comprises a tank to hold a liquid, a plurality of tubes adjacent the tank to detect neutrons, and a plurality of photon detectors to detect Cherenkov light generated by gamma radiation in the liquid. The tank is configured to contain the liquid so that the liquid generates the Cherenkov light and moderates the neutrons.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a detector system to detect gamma and neutron radiation. In one embodiment, a detector comprises a tank to hold a liquid, a plurality of tubes adjacent the tank to detect neutrons, and a plurality of photon detectors to detect Cherenkov light generated by gamma radiation in the liquid. The tank is configured to contain the liquid so that the liquid generates the Cherenkov light and moderates the neutrons.

Abstract: A method and a system for fissile content measurement that utilizes a detector configured to detect fast neutrons. An external radiation source may be used to induce fission in a sample to allow the measurement of a fissile material of the sample with a low spontaneous fission probability. Analyzing the sample may be based on the energy spectrum of emitted neutrons. That is, the energy information regarding the energy of the fast neutrons is obtained, and the fast neutrons as having a high likelihood of originating in a nuclear fission process as opposed to originating in an (alpha,n) reaction by utilizing the obtained energy information are classified to analyze the sample. Alternatively, a position of interaction in the detector of neutron emitted by the sample is measured, and this position is retraced back through intervening material(s) between the detector and the sample to determine the spacial geometry of the sample.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system for interrogating hidden contents of a container comprises a controller, a detector system, and a data system. The controller receives a selection of a source mode of source radiation to generate to interrogate contents of a container. The source mode selection comprises a neutron mode, a gamma ray mode, or a combined neutron-gamma ray mode. The controller instructs a cyclotron to generate the source radiation according to the source mode selection. The detector system detects radiation emitted from the contents in response to the source radiation. The data system analyzes the emitted radiation and describes the contents according to the analysis.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, generating image data includes receiving coded aperture imaging sensor data collected according to coded aperture imaging and receiving Compton imaging sensor data collected according to Compton imaging. The coded aperture imaging sensor data and the Compton imaging sensor data are generated by a sensor system sensing radiation from a radiation source. A coded aperture imaging pixel value and a Compton imaging pixel value are determined for each pixel of an image. A combining function comprising addition is applied to the coded aperture imaging pixel value and the Compton imaging pixel value to yield a combined pixel value for each pixel. Combined image data is generated from the combined pixel values. The combined image data is configured to yield a combined image of the radiation source.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system which measures X-rays scattered by material concealed within an enveloping surface. A beam of X-ray radiation is incident on the enveloping surface and scattered onto one or more arrays of detectors. One or more masks of material opaque to X-ray transmission but for a series of apertures is interposed between the object and the detectors so as to cast shadows on different parts of the detector array. The image of the scattering material, as detected at the detector array, is modulated by the pattern of mask apertures. A controller reconstructs the image of the illuminated line. By scanning the illumination with respect to the object, an image of the entire object in scattered radiation is obtained, while use of multiple arrays or variation of geometrical settings allows reconstruction of the source of scattering in three dimensions.