Abstract: A compact, lightweight, and inexpensive spectral analyzer (10) that creates a highly concentrated and collimated beam of light and that has a long optical path length that improves the analyzer's signal-to-noise ratio is disclosed. The spectral analyzer includes an optical collector assembly (12), a specimen holder (14), and an optical detector (16). The collector assembly includes a collector housing (18) having a plurality of spaced, internally reflective walls (22,24) and an exit aperture (26) through one of the walls, and a light source (20) positioned between the reflective walls. The light rays emitted from the light source are collected and collimated by the reflective walls into a highly concentrated beam of parallel light rays that is directed out of the exit aperture. The specimen holder is positioned adjacent the exit aperture of the collector for receiving the collimated beam.

Abstract: A system for controlling the shaping fluid pressure in tire bladders in a tire molding press which senses the fluid pressure in the bladder used to shape the tire being loaded into the tire press; compares the sensed fluid pressure in the bladder with the desired set point fluid pressure to be maintained in the bladder; and adjusts the fluid pressure in the bladder in response to the compared pressures to cause the fluid pressure in the bladder to be maintained at the desired set point fluid pressure.

Abstract: A pneumatic circuit pressure control device including an electronic comparator for comparing a transducer generated pressure signal from the pneumatic circuit and a desired pressure signal from a desired pressure input generator. The comparison circuit selectively actuates a solenoid-actuated valve which controls the pressure in the pneumatic circuit. Preferably, the solenoid of the solenoid-actuated valve produces an electromagnetic field for electromagnetic induction of a circuit which oscillates the solenoid-actuated valve to produce a variable orifice-like effect when small changes in pressure are demanded by the comparator circuit.