Abstract: An instrument heater for heating a surgical instrument. The instrument heater includes a sheath having an inner and outer wall. The inner wall forms a bore through which the optical scope is inserted. A chemical solution fills the space between the inner and outer wall of the sheath. At one end of the sheath is an activator disk having a chemical substance attached to its surface. When the activator disk is flexed, it ejects the chemical substance and interacts with the chemical solution to initiate an exothermic reaction. The exothermic reaction results in the generation of heat within the sheath, which is transmitted to the surgical instrument. Once the surgical instrument is sufficiently heated to a temperature close to the temperature of a body, the optical scope is inserted into the body. A natural tendency for the instrument to fog up is prevented by the equalizing the temperature of the instrument with the body.

Abstract: A helix (10) is defined by two lengths of multistrand wire (14) each surrounded by flexible, biocompatible insulation (18). A silicon elastic sheath (30) surrounds the helix and extends to a terminal end of the electrode. At the terminal end, a portion of the wire is wrapped around a periphery of the sheath to define a tissue contacting surface (34). A shaft (42) of a polypropylene anchor (40) is inserted into a hollow core (20) of the helix and thermally deformed into mechanical engagement with the helix. The anchor has a plurality of polypropylene tines or barbs (44) which firmly engage the tissue within which it is inserted but which yield for electrode removal without ripping the tissue.