Abstract: A modular system for manufacturing includes a modular housing, at least one manufacturing platform disposed within the modular housing for direct digital manufacturing of an item, and a modular grid for power and network connections positioned along a plurality of interior walls of the modular housing.

Abstract: A bioreactor system having an expanding volume is provided. The system includes a bioreactor assembly comprising a plurality of bioreactors including at least a first bioreactor and a second bioreactor proximate the first bioreactor. The bioreactor system further includes a first gate between the first bioreactor and the second bioreactor such in a first configuration the gate is closed and the first bioreactor is isolated from the second bioreactor and in a second configuration the gate is open and the first bioreactor is contiguous with the second bioreactor and media and cells form a homogenous mixture within a combined volume formed by the first bioreactor in combination with the second bioreactor. The bioreactor system may further include a microdispenser for each of the plurality of bioreactors for controlling dispensement of media into each of the plurality of bioreactors.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in 3D fabrication includes a heat sink, a melt tube extending through the heat sink, the melt tube having a first end and an opposite second end and adapted for melting filament or other material as the material is conveyed from the first end to the second end, a pen tip having an opening therein for ejecting melted material, the pen tip at the second end of the melt tube, and a pen tip holder for securely holding the pen tip during printing, the pen tip holder having a heater element associated therewith.

Abstract: A reflector assembly includes a monolithic and adaptive reflector having a single and continuous reflecting surface and a focusing shape. The reflector assembly further includes a plurality of trusses for supporting the monolithic and adaptive reflector and a plurality of actuators, each of the plurality of actuators operatively connected to one of the plurality of trusses. Actuation of each of the plurality of actuators exerts a force which flexes at least a portion of the continuous reflecting surface.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a rigid frame or girder system, a first computer controlled motion system associated with the rigid frame or girder system and configured to move in coordinated positions, a second computer controlled motion system associated with a part to be worked on and configured to move in coordinated positions, and a plurality of sensors associated with the first motion system and the second motion system. The first computer controlled motion system and the second computer controlled motion system use information from the plurality of sensors to assist in coordination between the first computer controlled motion system and the second computer controlled motion system.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a rigid frame or girder system, a first computer controlled motion system associated with the rigid frame or girder system and configured to move in coordinated positions, a second computer controlled motion system associated with a part to be worked on and configured to move in coordinated positions, and a plurality of sensors associated with the first motion system and the second motion system. The first computer controlled motion system and the second computer controlled motion system use information from the plurality of sensors to assist in coordination between the first computer controlled motion system and the second computer controlled motion system.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in 3D fabrication includes a heat sink, a melt tube extending through the heat sink, the melt tube having a first end and an opposite second end and adapted for melting filament or other material as the material is conveyed from the first end to the second end, a pen tip having an opening therein for ejecting melted material, the pen tip at the second end of the melt tube, and a pen tip holder for securely holding the pen tip during printing, the pen tip holder having a heater element associated therewith.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt having an extended lifetime is provided. In one embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by adding at least one booster additive to an aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. In another embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by providing an aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt and a cerium (III) complex or salt. The cerium (III) complex or salt can be added or it can be generated in-situ by introducing a reducing agent into the aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. The aqueous solution can be used to remove a mask material, especially an ion implanted and patterned photoresist, from a surface of a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt having an extended lifetime is provided. In one embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by adding at least one booster additive to an aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. In another embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by providing an aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt and a cerium (III) complex or salt. The cerium (III) complex or salt can be added or it can be generated in-situ by introducing a reducing agent into the aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. The aqueous solution can be used to remove a mask material, especially an ion implanted and patterned photoresist, from a surface of a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method for depositing a material on a substrate includes providing an apparatus with at least one material dispenser. The method further includes positioning the pen tip at a predetermined writing gap where the predetermined writing gap is a distance of more than 75 micrometers above the substrate. The method also provides for controlling velocity of the flow of material through the outlet and dispense speed based on dispensed line height and dispensed line width parameters. An apparatus for depositing a material on a substrate is also provided which may have one or more mechanical vibrators, a pen tip with a hydrophobic surface, or multiple nozzles and pen tips on a single pump.