Abstract: An array of antenna elements (20) can be used to detect subwavelength sized anomalies on a surface below the array. An array (20) is illuminated at optical frequencies by a coherent optical energy source (26). The change in reactance and radiated power of the antenna elements that results from the proximity of the anomaly to the near field of the antenna element's open-circuited is detected and holographically filtered to eliminate the radiation caused by the antenna array itself. Image processing is performed on the detected scattered radiation (100) to determine whether an anomaly is present and to locate the anomaly and its characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a template having a body including a surface with first and second regions. The first region has first wetting characteristics for a given material and the second region has second wetting characteristics for the given material. The first wetting characteristics differ from the second wetting characteristics. Specifically, the first region is formed from a surface treatment layer with a first surface energy to provide the first wetting characteristics. The second region is exposed portions of the body, typically quartz of fused silica, having a second surface energy associated therewith. The second surface energy is greater than the first surface energy to provide the second region with the second wetting characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of solidifying a polymerizable liquid to form a film on a substrate that features minimizing inhibition of the polymerization process by oxygen contained in the atmosphere surrounding the polymerizable liquid. To that end, the polymerizable liquid includes, inter alia, an initiator that consumes oxygen that interacts with the polymerizable liquid and generates additional free radicals to facilitate the polymerization process.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and a composition to form a layer on a substrate having uniform etch characteristics. To that end, the method includes controlling variations in the characteristics of a solid layer, such etch characteristics over the area of the solid layer as a function of the relative rates of evaporation of the liquid components that comprise the composition from which the solid layer is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying a modulator or mediator of a biological activity, which activity includes antigenicity and or immunogenicity, said method comprising the step of: (i) producing a gene fragment expression library derived from defined nucleotide sequence fragments; and (ii) assaying the expression library for at least an amino acid sequence derived from step (i) for a biological activity wherein that activity is different from any activity the amino acid sequence may have in its native environment.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for fabricating a display that includes: (a) fabricating a sealing wall having a first height about a periphery of first display structures that have been fabricated on a first substrate; (b) fabricating a containment wall having a second height about the periphery and outside the sealing wall, the second height being less than the first height; (c) dispensing a sealing material between the sealing wall and the containment wall; (d) contacting a second substrate having second display structures to the first substrate; and (e) setting the sealing material to bond the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An integrated optic polarization converter includes a plurality of core layers used to approximate a gradually twisted waveguide and therein adiabatically transform a propagating mode from an initial polarization state to a different final polarization state.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first and a second splitting device. Each of the first and second splitting devices have respective first and second input ports, respective first and second output ports, and a respective transfer matrix. A first optical waveguide is optically coupled to the first output port of the first splitting device and the first input port of the second splitting device. A second optical waveguide is optically coupled to the second output port of the first splitting device and the second input port of the second splitting device. The first and second optical waveguides are configured to introduce a phase shift of ? radians to the optical radiation propagating through the first optical waveguide with respect to the optical radiation propagating through the second optical waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated optic polarization splitter, includes a pair of waveguide elements with a first waveguide element having horizontal orientation and a second waveguide element having a vertical orientation formed from a plurality of waveguide core layers. The first and second waveguide elements are intersected or nearly intersected at one end of the structure and separated at the other end of the structure and the transition there between is made to be adiabatic. The waveguide elements receive an optical signal having both a TE component and a TM component. The TE component propagates along the horizontally oriented waveguide element and the TM component propagates along the vertically oriented waveguide element.

Abstract: A compliant UV imprint lithography template, which may also act as a thermal implant template, and methods for manufacturing it. The template essentially comprises a relief image and an elastomer adapted to adjust the relief image. In an embodiment, the relief image is arranged in a compliant imprinting layer where the elastomer is arranged between the imprinting layer and a rigid transparent substrate. In an embodiment, the template is compliant to a wafer surface. In an embodiment, layering an elastomer and an imprinting layer on a substrate and patterning a relief image into the imprinting layer, form the template.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a pattern on a plate employing a mold. The method includes placing the plate in superimposition with said mold. Formable material is positioned between that plate and the mold. A pattern is formed in the formable material having a shape complementary to the shape of the mold, defining patterned material. The patterned material is then adhered to the plate.

Abstract: The present invention includes a composition for a silicon-containing material used as an etch mask for underlying layers. More specifically, the silicon-containing material may be used as an etch mask for a patterned imprinted layer comprising protrusions and recessions. To that end, in one embodiment of the present invention, the composition includes a hydroxyl-functional silicone component, a cross-linking component, a catalyst component, and a solvent. This composition allows the silicon-containing material to selectively etch the protrusions and the segments of the patterned imprinting layer in superimposition therewith, while minimizing the etching of the segments in superposition with the recessions, and therefore allowing an in-situ hardened mask to be created by the silicon-containing material, with the hardened mask and the patterned imprinting layer forming a substantially planarized profile.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a material for use in imprint lithography that features a composition having a viscosity associated therewith and including a surfactant, a polymerizable component, and an initiator responsive to a stimuli to vary the viscosity in response thereto, with the composition, in a liquid state, having the viscosity being lower than about 100 centipoises, a vapor pressure of less than about 20 Torr, and in a solid cured state a tensile modulus of greater than about 100 MPa, a break stress of greater than about 3 MPa and an elongation at break of greater than about 2%.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a method and system to measure characteristics of a film disposed on a substrate. The method includes identifying a plurality of processing regions on the film; measuring characteristics of a subset of the plurality of processing regions, defining measured characteristics; determining a variation of one of the measured characteristics; and associating a cause of the variations based upon a comparison of the one of the measured characteristics to measured characteristics associated with the remaining processing regions of the subset. The system carries out the aforementioned method.

Abstract: An optical switch includes at least two signal bus waveguides that receive optical signals as input. At least two directional couplers are positioned so that the inputs to the at least two directional couplers are not switched relative to each other.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of increasing the flow rate of an imprinting layer disposed between a source of radiation and a target to facilitate pattern formation. Infrared radiation is directed toward the target with the imprinting layer substantially transparent to infrared radiation. The target substantially absorbs the infrared radiation to create a thermal energy in the same, and the thermal energy is subsequently transferred to the liquid, causing a temperature rise of the liquid, and thus improving a flow rate of the imprinting layer and reducing the time required to fill the features defined on a mold.

Abstract: The present invention is a system that selectively directs radiation of multiple wavelengths at a substrate to facilitate pattern formation. The system may include a wavelength discriminator to filter the radiation and an absorption layer to develop a localized heat source. The localized heat source may be employed to raise a temperature of an imprinting layer. This improves the flow rate and the fill factor of the material disposed within the imprinting layer, thus reducing the time required to fill the features defined on a mold.