Abstract: A modular furnace, in particular for the oxidative stabilization of a carbon fiber starting material comprising a cuboidal furnace chamber, on the upper face of which first deflecting rollers are arranged in a mutually spaced and parallel manner and on the lower face of which second deflecting rollers are arranged in a mutually spaced and parallel manner such that the carbon fiber starting material runs upwards and downwards in a laterally adjacent and slightly spaced manner so as to meander vertically in the area of the furnace chamber. A carbon fiber inlet locking device and a carbon fiber outlet locking device are provided on the upper face of the furnace chamber, and an air guiding device is connected to the furnace chamber. A supply air portion of the air guiding device is connected to a vertical air inlet side of the furnace chamber, and a discharge air portion of the air guiding device is fluidically connected to a furnace chamber vertical air outlet side opposite the vertical air inlet side.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a hardware structure including an engine control unit and a maintenance unit, an electronic engine identification module and an engine control program, the method having the steps: providing a computer program product via a network by which an engine identification and engine data are loaded together and are exchanged, wherein the computer program product is designed for uploading and/or downloading a maintenance software module by which the engine identification and the engine data are compiled; loading the computer program product onto a non-volatile storage medium; coupling the non-volatile storage medium to the maintenance unit of the hardware structure and executing the computer program product; exchanging the maintenance software module between the non-volatile storage medium and the maintenance unit; identifying the engine and compiling engine data by the maintenance software module and a hardware component of the hardware structure.

Abstract: A modular furnace, in particular for the oxidative stabilization of a carbon fiber starting material comprising a cuboidal furnace chamber, on the upper face of which first deflecting rollers are arranged in a mutually spaced and parallel manner and on the lower face of which second deflecting rollers are arranged in a mutually spaced and parallel manner such that the carbon fiber starting material runs upwards and downwards in a laterally adjacent and slightly spaced manner so as to meander vertically in the area of the furnace chamber. A carbon fiber inlet locking device and a carbon fiber outlet locking device are provided on the upper face of the furnace chamber, and an air guiding device is connected to the furnace chamber. A supply air portion of the air guiding device is connected to a vertical air inlet side of the furnace chamber, and a discharge air portion of the air guiding device is fluidically connected to a furnace chamber vertical air outlet side opposite the vertical air inlet side.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a hardware structure including an engine control unit and a maintenance unit, an electronic engine identification module and an engine control program, the method having the steps: providing a computer program product via a network by which an engine identification and engine data are loaded together and are exchanged, wherein the computer program product is designed for uploading and/or downloading a maintenance software module by which the engine identification and the engine data are compiled; loading the computer program product onto a non-volatile storage medium; coupling the non-volatile storage medium to the maintenance unit of the hardware structure and executing the computer program product; exchanging the maintenance software module between the non-volatile storage medium and the maintenance unit; identifying the engine and compiling engine data by the maintenance software module and a hardware component of the hardware structure.

Abstract: A master/slave arrangement of an electronic engine control device with an engine identification module. The electronic engine control device controls and regulates the internal combustion machine. The engine identification module includes at least one microprocessor and a memory building block for storing an engine identification as well as engine specifics. The electronic engine control device and the engine identification module exchange data through an engine cable harness. The engine identification module is arranged inseparably at the crank housing of the internal combustion machine. The engine identification module can be removed from the crank housing as well as from the engine cable harness only by being destroyed.

Abstract: A fusible lignin has a gas transition temperature in the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), an ash content of less than 1 wt. %, and a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 1 wt. %. Also provided is a precursor fiber based on the fusible lignin, as well as a method for the production thereof Also provided is a method for producing a carbon fiber from the precursor fiber.

Abstract: A master/slave arrangement of an electronic engine control device with an engine identification module. The electronic engine control device controls and regulates the internal combustion machine. The engine identification module includes at least one microprocessor and a memory building block for storing an engine identification as well as engine specifics. The electronic engine control device and the engine identification module exchange data through an engine cable harness. The engine identification module is arranged inseparably at the crank housing of the internal combustion machine. The engine identification module can be removed from the crank housing as well as from the engine cable harness only by being destroyed.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing yarns made from polyacrylonitrile using chemical stabilization reactions, including: generating a field of high-frequency electromagnetic waves in an application space of an applicator, which has areas with minimum electric field strength and areas with maximum electric field strength, the maximum electric field strength in the application space being in a range from 3 to 150 kV/m; continuously supplying a precursor yarn based on a polyacrylonitrile polymer into the application space, and conveying the precursor yarn through the application space and through the field of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves; introducing a process gas into the application space and conveying the process gas through the application space with a flow rate of at least 0.1 m/s relative to the precursor yarn being conveyed through the application space, wherein a temperature of the process gas is in a range between 150 and 300° C.

Abstract: A lignin derivative is produced from a lignin with the empirical formula L(OH)z, where L is a lignin without hydroxyl groups, OH are free hydroxyl groups bonded to L, and z is 100% of the free hydroxyl groups bonded to L. The lignin derivative has free hydroxyl groups that are derivatized with divalent residues Rx and monovalent residues Ry that are bonded to L via an ester, ether, or urethane group. A shaped body comprising the lignin derivative can take the form of a fiber, e.g. as precursor fiber for the production of a carbon fiber. A carbon fiber can be produced from the above-mentioned precursor fiber.

Abstract: A process for the production of hollow carbon fibres by the treatment of a stabilised carbon fibre precursor in an application device using high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The application device includes structure supplying the electromagnetic waves to a outcoupling region and a hollow outer conductor terminating in the outcoupling region. For the treatment, a field of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves is generated and a field strength in the range from 15 to 40 kV/m is set in the outcoupling region of the application device. The stabilised carbon fibre precursor is conveyed continuously as an inner conductor through the hollow outer conductor, thereby forming a coaxial conductor having an outer and an inner conductor, and through the subsequent outcoupling region. An inert gas atmosphere is created in the coaxial conductor and in the outcoupling region by passing through an inert gas.