Abstract: An inhalation and/or exhalation device comprising: a body comprising an external surface; a non-protruding mouthpiece comprising a mouthpiece bore having an opening at said external surface; and a gas conduit having a proximal end in fluid communication with said mouthpiece bore and a distal end, the device thereby configured to allow a person whose mouth sealingly contacts a portion of said external surface of said body that surrounds said opening to provide fluid communication between the mouth-hole of the person and said opening to inhale a gas into the mouth, and/or exhale a gas from the mouth into said opening of said mouthpiece.

Abstract: Provided is a system for endodontic treatment of a root canal. The system includes a handpiece containing a rotary motor adapted to rotate an endodontic file secured by the handpiece. A control unit executes a regime of motion of the motor to produce a regime of file motion in which episodes of oscillation of the file are separated by a rotation of the file. When the arc of a rotation is less than the arc of the oscillation that preceded the rotation, the arcs of the episodes of oscillation overlap and the formation of ridges in the root canal is avoided.

Abstract: Provided is a system for endodontic treatment of a root canal. The system includes a handpiece containing a rotary motor adapted to rotate an endodontic file secured by the handpiece. A control unit executes a regime of motion of the motor to produce a regime of file motion in which episodes of oscillation of the file are separated by a rotation of the file. When the arc of a rotation is less than the arc of the oscillation that preceded the rotation, the arcs of the episodes of oscillation overlap and the formation of ridges in the root canal is avoided.

Abstract: A device for locating an apex of a root canal of a tooth comprises a first electrode having a conductive probe with a tip adapted for insertion into the root canal, and a second electrode configured to electrically contact a patient's body. The device includes a voltage generator which provides AC test voltage signal, a AC voltage driver with an internal output impedance, and a voltage detector coupled to the electrodes to detect an AC voltage across the first and second electrodes. An electronic controller coupled to the voltage detector calculates the test scores, determines the position of the probe tip on the basis of the test score values, and informs the user of the position of the probe tip in the canal. The position of the probe tip in the root canal is indicated on a display by a marker.