Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments that provide digital data communication between a single-pair Ethernet and a multi-pair Ethernet. Some embodiments include a single-pair Ethernet interface that is configured to operate in at least two modes. In a first mode, the single-pair Ethernet interface operates in a conventional manner. In a second mode, alternate pin configurations are employed to provide a low-cost interoperability between a single-pair Ethernet interface and a multi-pair Ethernet interface. For example, in the second mode, the single-pair Ethernet receives, via a first receive data pin, from a first transmit data pin of the multi-pair Ethernet interface, a data signal, and receives, via a second receive data pin, from a second transmit data pin of the multi-pair Ethernet interface, a second data signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments that provide digital data communication between a single-pair Ethernet and a multi-pair Ethernet. Some embodiments include a single-pair Ethernet interface that is configured to operate in at least two modes. In a first mode, the single-pair Ethernet interface operates in a conventional manner. In a second mode, alternate pin configurations are employed to provide a low-cost interoperability between a single-pair Ethernet interface and a multi-pair Ethernet interface. For example, in the second mode, the single-pair Ethernet receives, via a first receive data pin, from a first transmit data pin of the multi-pair Ethernet interface, a data signal, and receives, via a second receive data pin, from a second transmit data pin of the multi-pair Ethernet interface, a second data signal.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for an integrated circuit, current loop interface that can receive and extract a high-frequency digital communication signal from a low-frequency analog current signal using a complex impedance circuit. The complex impedance circuit can allow for low input impedance at the lower frequencies of the analog current signal and high input impedance at the higher frequencies of the digital communication signal.

Abstract: A fault detection scheme can include use of a relatively high injection impedance between an input port for analog measurements from a sensor and a stimulus generation circuit controlled in coordination with analog measurement. The stimulus generation circuit can provide a stimulus signal through the injection impedance. A magnitude of the injection impedance can be specified relative to a source impedance associated with a source (e.g., a sensor or other device) coupled to the input port. For example, a magnitude of the injection impedance can be specified to be larger than the source impedance or the injection impedance magnitude can be specified to be a multiple of the source impedance.

Abstract: Techniques for mixing, or modulating, a high-frequency, digital communication signal with a low-frequency, analog current loop signal are provided. In certain examples, the techniques allow mixing the signals in a non-AC coupled manner. In certain examples, such mixing techniques can allow for simplified connections between a modem chip and an analog current loop interface chip of an analog I/O module.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for an integrated circuit, current loop interface that can receive and extract a high-frequency digital communication signal from a low-frequency analog current signal using a complex impedance circuit. The complex impedance circuit can allow for low input impedance at the lower frequencies of the analog current signal and high input impedance at the higher frequencies of the digital communication signal.

Abstract: Systems for monitoring or control can include reconfigurable input and output channels. Such reconfigurable channels can include as few as a single terminal and a ground pin, or such channels can include three or four terminal configuration such as for use in four-terminal resistance measurements. Channel reconfiguration can be accomplished such as using software-enabled or firmware-enabled control of channel hardware. Such channel hardware can include analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion capability, including use of a digital-to-analog converter to provide field power or biasing. In an example, the interface circuit can provide a selectable impedance.

Abstract: A fault detection scheme can include use of a relatively high injection impedance between an input port for analog measurements from a sensor and a stimulus generation circuit controlled in coordination with analog measurement. The stimulus generation circuit can provide a stimulus signal through the injection impedance. A magnitude of the injection impedance can be specified relative to a source impedance associated with a source (e.g., a sensor or other device) coupled to the input port. For example, a magnitude of the injection impedance can be specified to be larger than the source impedance or the injection impedance magnitude can be specified to be a multiple of the source impedance.

Abstract: Systems for monitoring or control can include reconfigurable input and output channels. Such reconfigurable channels can include as few as a single terminal and a ground pin, or such channels can include three or four terminal configuration such as for use in four-terminal resistance measurements. Channel reconfiguration can be accomplished such as using software-enabled or firmware-enabled control of channel hardware. Such channel hardware can include analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion capability, including use of a digital-to-analog converter to provide field power or biasing. In an example, the interface circuit can provide a selectable impedance.

Abstract: Proximity detection is accomplished by determining with a moving average calculation a moving average level of input data; setting a threshold level in response to the average level and a sensitivity factor; producing a proximity detection output when the input data meets the threshold level; and changing the weighting used by the average level calculation in response to a proximity detection output.

Abstract: Proximity detection is accomplished by determining with a moving average calculation a moving average level of input data; setting a threshold level in response to the average level and a sensitivity factor; producing a proximity detection output when the input data meets the threshold level; and changing the weighting used by the average level calculation in response to a proximity detection output.