Abstract: A photon number resolving detector system includes a photon source positioned at an input end, first and second photon detectors positioned at a detection end, and a plurality of optical couplers positioned between the input and detection ends. The plurality of optical couplers include an initial optical coupler optically coupled to the photon source, a final optical coupler optically coupled to the first and second photon detectors, and intermediate optical couplers positioned between the initial optical coupler and the final optical coupler. A first input link is optically coupled to the photon source and the initial optical coupler and a plurality of dual path spans are optically coupled to adjacent optical couplers. The plurality of dual path spans each include an undelayed path having an undelayed fiber link and a delayed path having a quantum memory positioned between and optically coupled to input and output sub-links.

Abstract: A quantum computing system that includes a reconfigurable quantum processing unit optically coupled to a photon source and a photon detector and having a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), and a controller communicatively coupled to the plurality of MZIs and configured to generate a control signal to alter a phase setting of at least one of the plurality of MZIs and the plurality of MZIs are configured to alter a phase of one or more photons that traverse the plurality of MZIs. In addition, the quantum computing system includes a quantum memory array having a plurality of quantum memories optically coupled to the plurality of MZIs, where each quantum memory is configured to absorb a photon received by the quantum memory, the received photon including quantum information, and release a photon including the quantum information of the received photon into the reconfigurable quantum processing unit.

Abstract: A quantum communications system includes a first quantum repeater and a second quantum repeater each positioned at a repeater node and each having a first quantum memory and a second quantum memory. A first channel switch is optically coupled to the first quantum repeater and a second channel switch is optically coupled to the second quantum repeater. Further, a first sub-channel extends between and optically couples the first channel switch and the first quantum memory of the first quantum repeater, a second sub-channel extends between and optically couples the first channel switch and the first quantum memory of the second quantum repeater, a third sub-channel extends between and optically couples the second channel switch and the second quantum memory of the first quantum repeater, and a fourth sub-channel extends between and optically couples the second channel switch and the second quantum memory of the second quantum repeater.

Abstract: A quantum communications system includes a first quantum repeater and a second quantum repeater each positioned at a repeater node and each having a first quantum memory and a second quantum memory. A first channel switch is optically coupled to the first quantum repeater and a second channel switch is optically coupled to the second quantum repeater. Further, a first sub-channel extends between and optically couples the first channel switch and the first quantum memory of the first quantum repeater, a second sub-channel extends between and optically couples the first channel switch and the first quantum memory of the second quantum repeater, a third sub-channel extends between and optically couples the second channel switch and the second quantum memory of the first quantum repeater, and a fourth sub -channel extends between and optically couples the second channel switch and the second quantum memory of the second quantum repeater.

Abstract: A photon number resolving detector system includes a photon source positioned at an input end, first and second photon detectors positioned at a detection end, and a plurality of optical couplers positioned between the input and detection ends. The plurality of optical couplers include an initial optical coupler optically coupled to the photon source, a final optical coupler optically coupled to the first and second photon detectors, and intermediate optical couplers positioned between the initial optical coupler and the final optical coupler. A first input link is optically coupled to the photon source and the initial optical coupler and a plurality of dual path spans are optically coupled to adjacent optical couplers. The plurality of dual path spans each include an undelayed path having an undelayed fiber link and a delayed path having a quantum memory positioned between and optically coupled to input and output sub-links.

Abstract: A quantum key generation system intended to mitigate the effect of the dead time of the photon detectors, the system including a photon generator, a photon pathway, a channel switch, and a photon detector unit. The photon pathway optically couples the photon generator and the channel switch. The channel switch is disposed between and optically coupled to the photon pathway and the photon detector unit. The photon detector unit includes a plurality of photon detectors and a plurality of detector unit sub-channels. Each detector unit sub-channel of the plurality of detector unit sub-channels optically couples the channel switch with an individual photon detector of the plurality of photon detectors. The channel switch is actuatable between a plurality of optical engagement positions. Further, each optical engagement position of the channel switch optically couples the photon pathway with a photon detector of the plurality of photon detectors.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) assembly (100), comprising: a diode superstructure (110) comprising a cathode (140), an anode (120) having a refractive index of na, and an organic light emitting semiconductor material (160) interposed between the cathode (140) and the anode (120); and a light diffracting substructure (150) providing a scattering cross section of light from the diode superstructure (110). The light diffracting substructure (150) comprises: a transparent substrate (156), a plurality of nanoparticles (154) in contact with the substrate (156) and having a refractive index of ns, and a planarization layer (152) over the nanoparticles (154) and having a refractive index of np. Further, np is within 25% of na and ns>np In addition, ns>about 1.9.

Abstract: A quantum key generation system intended to mitigate the effect of the dead time of the photon detectors, the system including a photon generator, a photon pathway, a channel switch, and a photon detector unit. The photon pathway optically couples the photon generator and the channel switch. The channel switch is disposed between and optically coupled to the photon pathway and the photon detector unit. The photon detector unit includes a plurality of photon detectors and a plurality of detector unit sub-channels. Each detector unit sub-channel of the plurality of detector unit sub-channels optically couples the channel switch with an individual photon detector of the plurality of photon detectors. The channel switch is actuatable between a plurality of optical engagement positions. Further, each optical engagement position of the channel switch optically couples the photon pathway with a photon detector of the plurality of photon detectors.

Abstract: A method of communicating information includes generating a photon pulse using an entangled photon generator. The photon pulse includes a photon pulse state and is temporally positioned within a photon pulse time slot. When the photon pulse is in a populated photon pulse state, it includes first and second entangled photons and the entangled photon generator outputs the first entangled photon into a first photon pathway optically coupled to an output end photon detector unit, and the second entangled photon into a second photon pathway, optically coupled to a receiving end photon detector unit. The method also includes determining the photon pulse state of the photon pulse using the output end photon detector unit, which outputs a signal regarding the photon pulse state of the photon pulse into a signal pathway to provide the receiving end photon detector unit with information regarding the photon pulse state of the photon pulse.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) incorporating an enhanced light extraction apparatus in the transparent conductive oxide layer is disclosed. The apparatus for light extraction may comprise a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode comprising one or more discontinuities, and an organic light emitting material stack. The transparent electrode may be disposed on the transparent substrate and comprise a series of features or discontinuities that enhance light extraction improve energy efficiency in the OLED device. The discontinuities may be discrete or continuous and may interrupt the conductivity of the transparent conductive oxide layer.

Abstract: A method of inspecting defects on a transparent substrate may include: selecting a gradient of an illumination optical system so that light incident on the transparent substrate has a first angle; selecting a gradient of a detection optical system so that an optical axis of the detection optical system located over the transparent substrate has a second angle, which is equal to or less than the first angle; adjusting a position of at least one of the illumination optical system, the transparent substrate, and the detection optical system so that a field-of-view of the detection optical system covers a first region where the light meets a first surface of the transparent substrate and does not cover a second region where light meets a second surface of the transparent substrate, the second surface being opposite to the first surface; illuminating the transparent substrate; and detecting light scattered from the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A method of inspecting defects on a transparent substrate may include: selecting a gradient of an illumination optical system so that light incident on the transparent substrate has a first angle; selecting a gradient of a detection optical system so that an optical axis of the detection optical system located over the transparent substrate has a second angle, which is equal to or less than the first angle; adjusting a position of at least one of the illumination optical system, the transparent substrate, and the detection optical system so that a field-of-view of the detection optical system covers a first region where the light meets a first surface of the transparent substrate and does not cover a second region where light meets a second surface of the transparent substrate, the second surface being opposite to the first surface; illuminating the transparent substrate; and detecting light scattered from the transparent substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improved light extraction from top-emitting OLEDs used to form displays include an array of light-emitting apparatus (60) each having the OLED (32) and a light-extraction apparatus (64) that includes an index-matching layer (70) and a tapered reflector (51). The tapered reflector (51) has the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, with the narrow end (58) interfacing with the OLED (32) through the index-matching layer (70). Light from the OLED undergoes total internal reflection within the tapered reflector (51) at the tapered reflector side surfaces (56) and is directed toward the top surface (54) of the tapered reflector (51). This light falls within the escape cone (59) of the top surface (54) and so exits the top surface (54). The OLED display (30) has a substrate that supports an array of OLEDs (32) and also includes an array of the tapered reflectors (51) operably arranged with respect to the OLEDs (32), and an encapsulation layer (100) atop the tapered reflector array.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) incorporating an enhanced light extraction apparatus in the transparent conductive oxide layer is disclosed. The apparatus for light extraction may comprise a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode comprising one or more discontinuities, and an organic light emitting material stack. The transparent electrode may be disposed on the transparent substrate and comprise a series of features or discontinuities that enhance light extraction improve energy efficiency in the OLED device. The discontinuities may be discrete or continuous and may interrupt the conductivity of the transparent conductive oxide layer.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) incorporating a light extraction film is disclosed. The light extraction film may be used for enhancing light extraction from a light source. The light extraction film may include an array of 3-D microprisms, an interstitial region, and a glass layer. Each microprism may have an area of a first surface (A1) and an area of a second surface (A2). The A2 may be equal to or less than A1. Each microprism may have a pair of oppositely disposed sidewalls. The interstitial region may be disposed between the pair of oppositely disposed sidewalls of adjacent microprisms. The interstitial region may have an index of refraction less than an index of refraction of the microprism. The glass layer may be attached to the first surface of the array of 3-D microprisms. The glass layer may be less than about 1 mm thick.

Abstract: A method of communicating information includes generating a photon pulse using an entangled photon generator. The photon pulse includes a photon pulse state and is temporally positioned within a photon pulse time slot. When the photon pulse is in a populated photon pulse state, it includes first and second entangled photons and the entangled photon generator outputs the first entangled photon into a first photon pathway optically coupled to an output end photon detector unit, and the second entangled photon into a second photon pathway, optically coupled to a receiving end photon detector unit. The method also includes determining the photon pulse state of the photon pulse using the output end photon detector unit, which outputs a signal regarding the photon pulse state of the photon pulse into a signal pathway to provide the receiving end photon detector unit with information regarding the photon pulse state of the photon pulse.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) incorporating a light extraction film is disclosed. The light extraction film may be used for enhancing light extraction from a light source. The light extraction film may include an array of 3-D microprisms, an interstitial region, and a glass layer. Each microprism may have an area of a first surface (A1) and an area of a second surface (A2). The A2 may be equal to or less than A1. Each microprism may have a pair of oppositely disposed sidewalls. The interstitial region may be disposed between the pair of oppositely disposed sidewalls of adjacent microprisms. The interstitial region may have an index of refraction less than an index of refraction of the microprism. The glass layer may be attached to the first surface of the array of 3-D microprisms. The glass layer may be less than about 1 mm thick.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising: (i) a core comprising silica and having a maximum relative refractive index delta ?1MAX; and LP01 effective area >100 ?m2 at 1550 nm; (ii) an inner cladding surrounding the core and having a minimum relative refractive index delta ?2MIN and ?coreMAX>?2MIN; (iii) an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding and comprising a first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index ?3A such that ?3A>?2MIN; and another outer cladding portion surrounding the first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index delta ?3B wherein with a maximum refractive index delta ?3B wherein ?3B>?3A, said another portion being the outermost portion of the outer cladding; and (iv) a coating layer surrounding the outer cladding, and in contact with said another outer cladding portion, the coating layer having a relative refractive index delta ?C wherein ?C>?3B.

Abstract: A quasi-single-mode optical fiber with a large effective area is disclosed. The quasi-single-mode fiber has a core with a radius greater than 5 ?m, and a cladding section configured to support a fundamental mode and a higher-order mode. The fundamental mode has an effective area greater than 170 ?m2 and an attenuation of no greater than 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of 1530 nm. The higher-order mode has an attenuation of at least 1.0 dB/km at the wavelength of 1530 nm. The quasi-single-mode optical fiber has a bending loss of less than 0.02 dB/turn for a bend diameter of 60 mm for a wavelength of 1625 nm.

Abstract: Optical transmission systems and methods are disclosed that utilize a QSM optical fiber with a large effective area and that supports only two modes, namely the fundamental mode and one higher-order mode. The optical transmission system includes a transmitter and a receiver optically coupled by an optical fiber link that includes at least one section of the QSM optical fiber. Transmission over optical fiber link gives rise to MPI, which is mitigated using a digital signal processor. The QSM optical fiber is designed to have an amount of DMA that allows for the digital signal processor to have reduced complexity as reflected by a reduced number of filter taps as compared to if the DMA were zero.