Abstract: An analysis device for analysing a transparent or specular surface of a substrate, the device including a raster located opposite the surface of the substrate to be measured, a video camera for capturing at least one image of the raster deformed by the measured substrate, a raster lighting system, and an image-processing and digital analysis mechanism connected to the video camera. The video camera is a matrix array camera, the raster is provided on a substrate having an oblong shape and is bidirectional including a first pattern extending along a first direction and along a smallest extension of the substrate, the first pattern being transversely periodical to the smallest extension, and a second pattern extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first pattern and along a largest extension of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for analyzing the optical quality of one or more at least partially transparent substrates (2), for example a glass ribbon, run past the device (1), comprising: an illuminating system (4, 6) for forming an image in transmission through the substrate (2) and/or in reflection from the substrate (2); a camera (12) for acquiring the image transmitted and/or reflected by the one or more substrates (2); and a control unit (14) comprising a memory (15) in which programs for controlling the acquisition of the images by the camera (12) are stored, in which: the illuminating system (4, 6) can simultaneously produce illumination of different types in separate illumination zones (8A, 8B, 8C, 10A, 10B, 10C) through which the or each substrate (2) is intended to run; the camera (12) is a matrix camera and can acquire an image with a plurality of rows of pixels, the device (1) being configured such that the camera (12) can simultaneously acquire images with a plurality of groups of a

Abstract: A device for analyzing a transparent surface of a substrate including a reference pattern facing a surface of the substrate to be measured. The reference pattern is formed on a support of short and long extents. A camera is provided for taking at least one image of the reference pattern distorted by the measured substrate. A reference pattern illumination system and a processor for processing the image and digital analysis are connected to the camera. The support is of oblong shape and the reference pattern is a one-directional pattern that extends along the shortest extent of the support. The pattern is transversely periodic to the short extent, and the camera is a linear camera.

Abstract: A device for measuring a shape of a surface. The device includes a first monodirectional-pattern gauge illuminated by first lighting mechanism, thereby making it possible to measure the shape in relation to a first direction, and a second gauge with monodirectional pattern perpendicular to the pattern of the first gauge making it possible to measure the shape in relation to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second gauge is produced in the same plane as the first gauge by an additional lighting mechanism that is only turned on when the first lighting mechanism is turned off.

Abstract: A device for analyzing a transparent surface of a substrate including a reference pattern facing a surface of the substrate to be measured. The reference pattern is formed on a support of short and long extents. A camera is provided for taking at least one image of the reference pattern distorted by the measured substrate. A reference pattern illumination system and a processor for processing the image and digital analysis are connected to the camera. The support is of oblong shape and the reference pattern is a one-directional pattern that extends along the shortest extent of the support. The pattern is transversely periodic to the short extent, and the camera is a linear camera.

Abstract: An analysis device for analysing a transparent or specular surface of a substrate, the device including a raster located opposite the surface of the substrate to be measured, a video camera for capturing at least one image of the raster deformed by the measured substrate, a raster lighting system, and an image-processing and digital analysis mechanism connected to the video camera. The video camera is a matrix array camera, the raster is provided on a substrate having an oblong shape and is bidirectional including a first pattern extending along a first direction and along a smallest extension of the substrate, the first pattern being transversely periodical to the smallest extension, and a second pattern extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first pattern and along a largest extension of the substrate.

Abstract: For evaluating the optical quality of a glass product utilizing a projection technique, a camera and a computer, the image observed is compared with a reference image reconstructed by means of a convolution window which is displaced over the entire projected image. The illumination at the boundaries is reconstructed by an extrapolation by two-dimensional linear regression.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic device for braking the wheels of a vehicle, especially for wheel anti-lock and/or anti-slip functions, comprising, between a chamber of a master cylinder and at least one brake motor, a plurality of solenoid valves (36) and a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor including a rotor (10) arranged between two bearings (12, 14) and enclosed in a cylindrical sleeve (20) made of metallic material, the rotor driving in rotation an eccentric cam (24) imparting an alternating translational movement to radial pistons (26), the delivery outlet of the pump being connected to the solenoid valves (36) via hydraulic slides by way of fluid circulation channels (32, 34). According to the invention, the sleeve (20), in which the rotor is accommodated, is enclosed in a housing (30) made of non-magnetic material. The fluid circulation channels (32, 34) and the solenoid valves (36) extend in the housing.

Abstract: A hydraulically controlled brake system for a motor vehicle, comprising a master cylinder, a corrector intended for reducing the pressure prevailing in the rear-wheel brakes in relation to that prevailing in the front wheels, and a wheel anti-lock device. The corrector is of the type with a controlled shift of the cut-off point. During the operation of the anti-lock device, the cut-off point has a specific value higher than that of a corrector equipping the vehicle without a wheel anti-lock device, while it is substantially equal to the latter in the event of a failure of the device.

Abstract: The hydraulic braking circuit is fitted with a master brake cylinder controlled by a brake pedal and with a wheel-antilock device, for a motor vehicle. This device comprises a pressure generator (20), which is started up at the beginning of an antilock-braking sequence, for selectively supplying at least one wheel brake (5, 6), and a member for automatically isolating the wheel brake (5, 6) from the master brake cylinder (1) when the pressure generator is started up by bringing the wheel brake into communication with means for storing the brake fluid, means are provided for limiting the pressure of the hydraulic fluid provided by the pressure generator to a value which is function of the jamming pressure.

Abstract: A plurality of injector elements are mounted on a frame and within a nozzle above a subjacent support for depositing a layer of pulverulent product on the support. In order to change the predetermined spacing of the injectors, they are selectively connected to a shuttle which is moved by a digitally controlled stepping motor to a predetermined position, after which they are separated from the shuttle. A solenoid mounted on each of the injectors can be activated to frictionally hold the injector at its predetermined position.

Abstract: The solenoid valve body (3), which is firmly fixed to a transverse connection terminal block (4), comprises a through core (5, 6) whose ends (7, 8) project on each side of the body (3), the latter being positioned and held in an internal cavity (2) of a casing member (1) consisting of a single piece by an assembling member (16) which cooperates with one end (8) of the core and holds the other end (7) of the core so that it bears against an internal bearing surface (15) of the cavity (2), the terminal block (4) extending sealingly through an opening (9) of corresponding dimensions which is formed in a lateral wall (10) of the casing member (1).

Abstract: A construction elevator has a mast formed from sheet steel panels and bolted together through rows of holes along longitudinal edges of the mast which are provided with flanges also having such holes. The rails for guiding the cabin are likewise provided with flanges and are bolted in place with the same bolts.

Abstract: The invention relates to the analysis of defects in materials such as molten glass. According to the invention, the material passes by a monochrome beam the wavelength of which is below 3.times.10.sup.-6 m. The radiation is diffused by any defects present in the material. The analysis of the defects is conducted dependent on the position of the receiver detecting the diffused rays and on the shape of the signal received. The invention permits a continuous analysis of a flow of glass supplying a fiber-making machine.

Abstract: Temperatures are automatically measured with a Wheatstone bridge including first and second branches and a diagonal connected between taps of the branches. The first branch includes first and second series connected resistors respectively having values of P and Q; the second branch includes third and fourth series connected resistors respectively having values of R and A. A voltage source, having a value E, is connected to energize the branches in parallel. The third resistor is temperature responsive and has a positive temperature coefficient so that the value of R is given by:R = R.sub.0 (1 + .alpha..sub.0 T)whereinR.sub.0 = the resistance value of the third resistor at 0.degree. C,.alpha..sub.0 = the temperature coefficient of the third resistor, andT = temperature in degrees Centigrade.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for automatically measuring the resistance and ting up of resistive electrical components, such as the windings of transformers or the coils of motors. The apparatus comprises a bridge circuit fed by a source of D.C. voltage and includes a voltage detector and switching means, the latter enabling the voltage detector to be connected across various points of the bridge circuit so as to produce virtually simultaneous measurements of the heating up of the component under test and of the ambient temperature at the place where the tests and measurements are being preformed.

Abstract: The percent error in the value of a resistor, relative to a nominal value (R.sub.n) of the resistor is determined automatically with a Wheatstone bridge having first and second branches energized by a voltage source. The first branch includes first and second series connected resistors respectively having values P and Q. The second branch includes third and fourth series connected resistors respectively having values R and A; the third resistor is the resistor being measured for percent error. The fourth resistor has a value to establish bridge balance when R = R.sub.n. A diagonal is connected across a common terminal of the first and second resistors and a common terminal of the third and fourth resistors. A voltage source driving the two branches in parallel has a value in accordance with: ##EQU1## WHERE: K = P/Q and is much less than 1,u = the voltage across the diagonal that is directly proportional to the percent error, andm = an integer.