Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein A, R1 and R2 are defined as in the description and in the claims. The compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicament.

Abstract: Self-cleaning apparatus and methods are disclosed for handling viscous fluids, such as thick solid-liquid slurries of lignocellulosic biomass and its components, under high pressure, using an array of retractable valves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein A, R1 and R2 are defined as in the description and in the claims. The compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicament.

Abstract: Compositions comprising lignin and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined in the specification, comprising the optical resolution of an enamine of the formula wherein R1 is lower alkyl, in the presence of an optical active resolving agent to form an (S)-enamine salt of the formula wherein RCO2? is the conjugate base of the resolving agent.

Abstract: Compositions comprising lignin and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for providing recovered lignin of suitable quantity and quality to provide sufficient heating value to power the generation of supercritical or near critical water without the need for outside sources of energy. Supercritical or near critical water generator devices and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula wherein R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkenyl, wherein lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkenyl may optionally be substituted by a group consisting of lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryl and heterocyclyl, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula I are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with DPP IV.

Abstract: Self-cleaning apparatus and methods are disclosed for handling viscous fluids, such as thick solid-liquid slurries of lignocellulosic biomass and its components, under high pressure, using an array of retractable valves.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a] isoquinoline derivatives of the formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined in the specification, comprising the optical resolution of an enamine of the formula wherein R1 is lower alkyl, in the presence of an optical active resolving agent to form an (S)-enamine salt of the formula wherein RCO2? is the conjugate base of the resolving agent.

Abstract: Self-cleaning apparatus and methods are disclosed for handling viscous fluids, such as thick solid-liquid slurries of lignocellulosic biomass and its components, under high pressure, using an array of retractable valves.

Abstract: Self-cleaning apparatus and methods are disclosed for handling viscous fluids, such as thick solid-liquid slurries of lignocellulosic biomass and its components, under high pressure, using an array of retractable valves.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel heteroaryl carboxamide derivatives of formula (I), wherein m, X, Y, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as physiologically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds are antagonists of CCR-2 receptor, CCR-5 receptor and/or CCR-3 receptor and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for providing recovered lignin of suitable quantity and quality to provide sufficient heating value to power the generation of supercritical or near critical water without the need for outside sources of energy. Supercritical or near critical water generator devices and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel heterocyclyl compounds of formula (I): wherein A, X, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, m, n and p are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as physiologically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds are antagonists of CCR2 receptor, CCR5 receptor and/or CCR3 receptor and may be used as medicaments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula wherein R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkenyl, wherein lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkenyl may optionally be substituted by a group consisting of lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryl and heterocyclyl, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula I are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with DPP IV.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a] isoquinoline derivatives of the formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined in the specification, comprising the optical resolution of an enamine of the formula wherein R1 is lower alkyl, in the presence of an optical active resolving agent to form an (S)-enamine salt of the formula wherein RCO2? is the conjugate base of the resolving agent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to isomeric mixtures of cyclosporine analogues that are structurally similar to cyclosporine A. The mixtures possess enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity over the individual isomers and over naturally occurring and other presently known cyclosporines and cyclosporine derivatives. Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward cis and trans-isomers of cyclosporin A analogs referred to as ISATX247, and derivatives thereof. ISATX247 isomers and alkylated, arylated, and deuterated derivatives are synthesized by stereoselective pathways where the particular conditions of a reaction determine the degree of stereoselectivity. Stereoselective pathways may utilize a Wittig reaction, or an organometallic reagent comprising inorganic elements such as boron, silicon, titanium, and lithium. The ratio of isomers in a mixture may range from about 10 to 90 percent by weight of the (E)-isomer to about 90 to 10 percent by weight of the (Z)-isomer, based on the total weight of the mixture.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with processes for the manufacture of the pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide derivative of formula (I), and the intermediates useful for those processes of manufacture.

Abstract: A surface plasmon microsensor or a nanosensor for chemical or biological species including pads distributed on the surface of a support, the pads including an electrically conductive material and being capable of immobilizing the chemical or biological species. The pads have a dimension less than 1 ?m.