Abstract: Security element comprising: an adhesive, a reflecting optical structure comprising at least one elementary reflecting optical structure having a non-plane reflecting surface giving an image of a pattern in at least one direction of observation of the security element, or comprising at least two elementary reflecting optical structures (9a, 9b) of different types, in particular at least one of which is designed to create a luminous dot which is the image of a luminous source for observation of the security element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security element (1) that comprises an at least partially transparent substrate, on the front and back of which are formed first (3) and second (4) markings in the form of metallisations and/or printings, respectively, the first markings (3) being mostly stacked on the second markings (4), the first and second markings (3, 4) defining first and second patterns, respectively, which have separate respective surfaces, wherein the visibility level of the second markings (4) varies together with the observation angle of the front of the security element (1), and the thickness of the substrate is 5 to 100 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a security structure intended to be at least partially incorporated into or affixed to an article, particularly a security document and/or a valuable document, the structure comprising a substrate, at least one electronic device carried by the substrate, at least one non-electronic security and/or decorative element visible to the naked eye, carried by the substrate, covering only a portion of one side of the substrate and having no effect on the operation of the electronic device, and/or at least one amplifying antenna coupled with the electronic device and carried by the substrate, electronic device being at least partially visible so as to form with the security and/or decorative element a design chosen from among a geometric shape, particularly an ellipse, circle or polygon, a written symbol, particularly an alphanumeric character, and an image of a recognizable object, particularly a logo, a plant, an animal or a person.

Abstract: The present invention relates to materials and particularly “organometallic-organic-inorganic hybrid materials” that can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for selective catalytic reactions. More precisely this invention relates to organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructured materials comprising a regularly distributed stabilized carbene that binds strongly to a metal so as to form a stable organometallic-organic-inorganic hybrid material having high catalytic performances.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data over a network, from a sending application to a receiving application, including: coding the data, by the sending application, by implementing a predefined rule; detecting alteration of at least one item of data transmitted, by the receiving application, by implementing the predefined rule; and in case an alteration of a data item is detected, restoring the altered data item. In the course of the coding, in the course of the alteration detection, and in the course of the restoration, a cyclic redundancy check or an encryption can be implemented.

Abstract: A security paper comprising a fibrous substrate comprising a watermark having repeating motifs, and a security structure that does not completely cover the watermark and has at least one semi-reflective area which is superposed at least partly on the watermark; which paper on the one hand allows observation, through the semi-reflective area, at least partially, of one of the motifs, and on the other hand allows observation at least partially of another of said motifs in a region of the watermark that is not covered by the security structure.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a flat safety element, comprising a support that contains, on at least one of its faces, a set of elementary characters, characterized in that said elementary characters are equipped with a variation in shape and/or density and/or size in such a manner as to ensure a detectable design is at least visible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet having a recto face and a verso face together with at least one watermark or pseudo-watermark and such that at least part of said watermark or pseudo-watermark is observable in transmitted light from only one of the faces of said sheet.

Abstract: A security structure including: a first region that is at least partially reflective and of low opacity; a second region that is at least partially reflective and of higher opacity than the first region; and a layer of a coating presenting birefringence properties, covering the first and second regions, at least in part.

Abstract: A sheet including a fiber substrate including at least one watermark and having at least partially incorporated therein a ribbon that is narrower than the substrate and that overlies the watermark in part.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a sheet material comprising at least two fibrous plies juxtaposed one on top of the other, including the following steps: a first paper ply is produced by filtration of an aqueous suspension of fibers on the wire of a cylinder mould or of a former, a partly transparent element being inserted into the ply during the formation of the ply, and such that the transparent element is placed in the elongate region of zero thickness; a second paper ply is produced on the wire of a second cylinder mould so as to form at least one recess in the second ply; the two plies are joined together so that at least one recess in the second ply is located facing the elongate region of zero thickness of the first ply; and the structure thus obtained is dried.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a sheet material comprising at least two fibrous plies juxtaposed one on top of the other, including the following steps: a first paper ply is produced by filtration of an aqueous suspension of fibers on the wire of a cylinder mould or of a former; a second paper ply is produced on the wire of a second cylinder mould so as to form at least one recess in the second ply; at least one at least partially transparent element is placed between the two plies that are still wet; and the two plies are joined together so that said at least one recess of the second ply, the at least one at least partially transparent element and the at least one elongate region of zero thickness of the first ply are situated facing one another; then drying the obtained structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring avionics systems connected to a shared medium. A preliminary phase is aimed at determining the conditions of activation of each alarm of each avionics system connected to the communication medium. These conditions are related to each avionics system and to the state of the communication medium. The monitoring phase comprises a step of determining the state of the elements of the communication medium and a step (455) of evaluating an indicator of the state of the communication medium on the basis of the state of the elements of the communication medium and on the basis of a predetermined formal modelling of the communication streams of the communication medium. An alarm is selected and activated (470) depending on the evaluated state of the communication medium and depending on a predetermined modelling of the consequences of the evaluated state of the communication medium on the operation of the avionics systems.

Abstract: A wet process for manufacturing a fibrous ply on a forming fabric of a paper machine, including a stack of fabrics, the stack of fabrics having a surface fabric and at least one under-fabric, these being superposed, the fibrous ply having at least one element of a given thickness, wherein it includes the following step: formation of the ply by the dewatering of an aqueous fiber-based suspension on the forming fabric, the stack of fabrics of which includes a reduced dewatering region compared with the first under-fabric, in at least one under-fabric and/or beneath the surface fabric, the reduced dewatering region being in correspondence with the position that the element will have.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a security structure intended to be at least partially incorporated into or affixed to an article, particularly a security document and/or a valuable document, the structure comprising a substrate, at least one electronic device carried by the substrate, at least one non-electronic security and/or decorative element visible to the naked eye, carried by the substrate, covering only a portion of one side of the substrate and having no effect on the operation of the electronic device, and/or at least one amplifying antenna coupled with the electronic device and carried by the substrate, electronic device being at least partially visible so as to form with the security and/or decorative element a design chosen from among a geometric shape, particularly an ellipse, circle or polygon, a written symbol, particularly an alphanumeric character, and an image of a recognizable object, particularly a logo, a plant, an animal or a person.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material in sheet form comprising at least two fibrous jets juxtaposed on each other, a first jet comprising at least one long area of zero thickness and a second jet comprising at least one aperture, and said at least one aperture of the second jet being located facing the said at least one long area of zero thickness of the first jet, thus forming a window.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical structure, in particular for a security document and/or a document of value, the structure comprising: first and second opposite outside faces; at least a first interface comprising a first screen of microreliefs and arranged in such a manner that travel through said interface from the first outside face towards the second outside face, passes from a first medium having a first refractive index to a second medium having a second refractive index that is greater than the first; and at least one second interface comprising a second screen of microreliefs and arranged in such a manner that travel through said second interface from the first outside face towards the second outside face, passes from a third medium having a third refractive index to a fourth medium having a fourth refractive index less than the third; each interface having at least one portion that is offset relative to the other interface when the structure is observed in a direction substantially perp

Abstract: The invention relates to a vein-removing device, or stripper, which uses an absorbent and/or coagulative tape for reducing the risk of haematomas. The vein-removing device comprises a wire or cable for extracting the vein, which wire or cable is connected at its end to a tape of natural or synthetic, blood-absorbing, gripping material, which tape is of the requisite length for vein-removal and which supports and grips the vein for the progressive invagination thereof over all or part of its length, as the vein-removing process progresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for protecting a hypodermic needle comprising: a needle base disposed over a segment of the needle at the proximal end thereof, a needle portion shield comprising at least two generally flat wings having proximal and distal ends and being made of a flexible material, at least two hinges, with one said hinge connecting the proximal end of each said wing to said needle base, and a movable member having an axial opening therethrough at least partially delimited by generally flat surfaces, so as to be disposed over the wings along the axis of said needle portion, between upper and lower positions, wherein in the upper position, the movable member is above the hinges and in the lower position, the movable member is substantially at the distal end of the wings and its flat surfaces coact with an exterior surface of the wings to cause pivotally downward movement of the wings to draw them up to the needle portion along its axis when the movable member is moved from its upper to its l

Abstract: A security document comprising a substrate containing at least one optical fiber of which at least one end is flush with a surface of the substrate so as to permit authentication of the document by a test based on the exposure of the document to a source of electromagnetic radiation and simultaneous observation of the radiation transmitted to either end of the optical fiber. The optical fiber has a transparent coating and is located within the substrate at a depth from at least one surface of the substrate which is not greater than the depth of penetration of the electromagnetic radiation into the substrate. The radiation which penetrates the substrate to the optical fiber is trapped in the optical fiber and transmitted to at least one end at which it is observed to authenticate the document.