Abstract: A digital to analog converter for converting an N-bit digital word into its analog representation including means for splitting the N bits into n sections of N/n bits each. For instance a 12-bit word is split into an odd section and an even section which are processed independently and in parallel. This results in two partial results, V.sub.i and V.sub.p, respectively, representative of the odd and even bit sections. The last step of the conversion is the action of the two partial results V.sub.i and V.sub.p to provide the analog representation of the 12-bit word. Few operators are required to process each section because each bit is converted sequentially. This provides a low cost, compact and simple converter, moreover, since few operators are required, it may be advantageous to use high precision operators as disclosed.

Abstract: This interface circuit between a bidirectional line (Lg) and a telephone exchange includes a high frequency transformer (Tr) whose secondary (N2) is connected to said line through a detector circuit (DET) and whose primary (N1) is connected to the switching network of said telephone exchange and to a high frequency carrier source. The circuit further includes means for adjusting the impedances seen across the points where the telephone line is connected to the exchange, so as to meet specified values applicable to the particular location of the exchange. The impedance adaptation means include means (A1) for amplifying the line current variations seen at the center tap (K) of the high frequency transformer (Tr), addition means (.SIGMA.1) for adding the output from (A1) to the voice signal to be sent to the telephone line (Lg), and second amplification means (A2) responsive to the output from (.SIGMA.1) to drive said center tap (K).