Abstract: In a photoconductive element comprising a conductive support, e.g., an electrically conductive film, drum or belt on which a negatively chargeable photoconductive layer is formed, an electrical barrier layer is formed between the support and the photoconductive layer. The barrier layer provides a high energy barrier to the injection of positive charges but transports electrons under an applied electric field. The barrier layer of the invention transports charge by electronic rather than ionic mechanisms and, therefore, is not substantially affected by humidity changes.

Abstract: In a photoconductive element comprising a conductive support, e.g., an electrically conductive film, drum or belt on which a negatively chargeable photoconductive layer is formed, an electrical barrier layer is formed between the support and the photoconductive layer. The barrier layer provides a high energy barrier to the injection of positive charges but transports electrons under an applied electric field. The barrier layer of the invention transports charge by electronic rather than ionic mechanisms and, therefore, is not substantially affected by humidity changes. The barrier layer comprises a polyester-co-imide, polyesterionomer-co-imide or polyamide-co-imide having covalently bonded as repeating units in the polymer chain, aromatic tetracarboxylbisimide groups of the formula: wherein Ar1 and Ar2 represent, respectively, tetravalent and trivalent aromatic groups of 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A bipolar electrophotographic element comprising a) a single active bipolar photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive support and b) a diamond-like carbon protective layer, having a fluorine content between 0 and 65 atomic percent based on the composition of the entire protective layer, and also having a thickness between 0.05 and 0.5 .mu.m. Also disclosed is a coating composition for a single bipolar photoconductive layer comprising: i) one or more binder polymers; ii) at least one aggregating dye salt; iii) at least one organic charge transport agent; and iv) a volatile coating solvent.

Abstract: Phthalocyanine compositions and prepartion methods. In a method, first, a phthalocyanine mixture is synthesized that has a plurality of differently substituted phthalocyanines selected from the group consisting of compounds having the general structure: ##STR1## M represents a pair of hydrogen atoms or a covalent or coordinate bonded moiety including a metal atom. Each T substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, and alkyl having from 1 to 18 carbons. There are at least two different T substituents. The smallest T substituent has a van der Waal's radius that differs from the radius of the largest T substituent by less than about 50 percent of the radius of the smallest substituent. The amorphousness of the phthalocyanine mixture is then imcreased. The amorphous mixture is then contacted with organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter of less than 8.0.

Abstract: Amorphous and cocrystallized unsubstituted titanyl phthalocyanine-titanyl fluorophthalocyanine compositions, preparation methods, and electrophotographic elements utilizing the compositions. The method has the steps of: admixing crude titanyl phthalocyanine and crude titanyl fluorophthalocyanine to provide a pigment mixture; increasing the amorphousness of the pigment mixture as determined by X-ray crystallography using X-radiation characteristic of Cu K.alpha. at a wavelength of 1.541 .ANG. of the Bragg angle 2.theta. to provide an amorphous pigment mixture; contacting the amorphous pigment mixture with a non-crystallizing solvent.

Abstract: A multiactive electrophotographic element comprising an electrically conductive support, a photoconductive pigment containing charge generation layer and a charge transport layer wherein the charge generation layer contains a polyester-ionomer binder having a weight average molecular weight of 2,500 to 75,000 and a glass transition temperature of 20.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Titanyl fluorophthalocyanines, and electrophotographic elements, and a method for preparing titanyl fluorophthalocyanine having the steps of: dissolving titanyl fluorophthalocyanine in acid to form a solution; admixing the solution and water to precipitate out amorphous titanyl fluorophthalocyanine; washing the amorphous titanyl fluorophthalocyanine until substantially all of the acid is removed; and retaining the amorphous titanyl fluorophthalocyanine under ambient conditions of wetness/dryness and temperature exclusive of conditions combining both dryness and a temperature of greater than about 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Cocrystallized titanyl phthalocyanine-titanyl fluorophthalocyanine compositions, preparation methods, and electrophotographic elements utilizing the compositions. The method has the steps of: admixing crude titanyl phthalocyanine and crude titanyl fluorophthalocyanine to provide a pigment mixture; increasing the amorphousness of the pigment mixture as determined by X-ray crystallography using X-radiation characteristic of Cu K.alpha. at a wavelength of 1.541 .ANG. of the Bragg angle 2.theta. to provide an amorphous pigment mixture; contacting the amorphous pigment mixture with organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter of less than 8.0; and prior to the contacting, substantially excluding the amorphous pigment mixture from contact with organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter greater than 9.0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element and a preparation method. The element has a charge generation layer including binder and, dispersed in the binder, a physical mixture of: a high speed titanyl fluorophthalocyanine and a low speed titanyl fluorophthalocyanine. The high speed titanyl fluorophthalocyanine has a first intensity peak with respect to X-rays characteristic of Cu K.alpha. at a wavelength of 1.541 .ANG. of the Bragg angle 2.theta. at 27.degree..+-.0.2.degree. and a second intensity peak at 7.3.degree..+-.0.2.degree.. The second peak has an intensity relative to the first peak of less than 60 percent. The low speed titanyl fluorophthalocyanine has a first intensity peak with respect to X-rays characteristic of Cu K.alpha. at a wavelength of 1.541 .ANG. of the Bragg angle 2.theta. at 6.7.degree..+-.0.2.degree. and a second intensity peak at 23.7.degree..+-.0.2. The second peak has an intensity relative to the first peak of less than 50 percent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dye-donor element for thermal dye transfer comprising a support having thereon a dye layer comprising an image dye in a polymeric binder, and wherein the dye layer also contains a stabilizer comprising a monomeric or oligomeric organic material having a glass transition temperature of greater than about 60.degree. C., the stabilizer:a) being derived from a mixture of at least two different compounds, each having at least two linking components joining one multivalent organic nucleus with at least two organic nuclei, wherein at least one of the multivalent organic nucleus and the organic nuclei is a multicyclic aromatic nucleus; orb) having a phenylindane moiety.

Abstract: A photoconductive element of smooth surface comprises a single aggregate photoconductive layer which contains an aggregate photoconductor and at least three organic charge transport agents. In a preferred embodiment the aggregate photoconductive composition is formed from a high molecular weight alkylidene diarylene polycarbonate and is mixed with at least five organic charge transport agents and the element is overcoated with a thin, smooth, abrasion-resistant layer of silicon carbide. The smooth surface of the photoconductive element has a 20.degree. gloss greater than about 6 and is resistant to scumming by fine toner particles.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic element comprising an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive layer, wherein the photoconductive layer has been formed from a coating solution of a polymeric binder and an organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter value greater than 9.0, the coating solution having dispersed therein a titanyl fluorophthalocyanine pigment which has been acid-pasted or salt-milled to increase its photosensitivity and then has been brought into contact with an organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter value less than 8.0 to preserve its increased photosensitivity, prior to the pigment's being dispersed in the coating solution.

Abstract: The invention provides a coating composition comprising a coating solution of a polymeric binder and an organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter value greater than 9.0, the coating solution having dispersed therein a titanyl fluorophthalocyanine pigment which has been acid-pasted or salt-milled to increase its photosensitivity and then has been brought into contact with an organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter value less than 8.0 to preserve its increased photosensitivity, prior to the pigment's being dispersed in the coating solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element comprises a single aggregate photoconductive layer which contains a continuous phase that has a high glass transition temperature T.sub.g, of at least about 110.degree. C. The required high glass transition temperatures can be obtained by using compositions for the aggregate photoconductive layer that contain organic charge transport agents with high glass transition temperatures or polymer binders with high glass transition temperatures, or combinations of both. In a preferred embodiment an aggregating bisphenol A polycarbonate is used in combination with a cobinder polymer that has a high glass transition temperature. The electrophotographic element of the invention can be dried at temperatures of at least about 100.degree. C., and preferably from about 110.degree. C. to about 145.degree. C., to eliminate the solvent used in coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photoelectrographic element having a conductive layer in electrical contact with an acid photogenerating layer which is free of photopolymerizable materials and contains an electrically insulating binder and a nonionic sulfonic acid photogenerator. A method of forming images with this element is also disclosed.

Abstract: Toner and developer compositions incorporating nonpolymeric, homogeneous, amorphous mixtures of compounds as the binder are described. The mixtures comprise at least two nonpolymeric, thermoplastic organic compounds each having at least two linking components joining one multivalent organic nucleus with at least two organic appended groups wherein either the multivalent organic nucleus or at least one of the appended groups in an aromatic group. The mixtures have glass transition temperatures of 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. Methods for developing electrostatic images with the developer compositions are also described.

Abstract: A flexible and nonbrittle negative-working photoresist composition comprises a polymeric binder, a photoinitiator composition, and a polymerizable cyclohexyleneoxyalkyl acrylate monomer characterized by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3,a is an integer of from 1 to 10 andb is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A laminate, adapted for manufacturing frames of metal beam leads that are bonded to integrated circuit chips, comprises(a) a flexible metal strip,(b) a layer of a first resist adhered to one surface of the metal strip, and(c) a layer of a second resist adhered to the opposite surface of the metal strip,the second resist being a negative-working resist comprising(1) a polymeric binder,(2) a photopolymerizable monomer mixture, and(3) a photoinitiator composition. The negative-working resist exhibits excellent flexibility and adhesion to the metal and superior performance during high temperature processing, whereby it serves effectively as a support for the beam leads.

Abstract: A cyclohexyleneoxyalkyl acrylate monomer having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3,a is an integer of from 1 to 10 andb is 1 or 2is useful in polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: A photoelectrographic element comprising a conductive layer in electrical contact with an acid photogenerating layer which (a) is free of photopolymerizable materials and (b) comprises an electrically insulating binder and an acid photogenerator is disclosed. A method for forming images with the element is also disclosed.