Abstract: The invention concerns novel ionic compounds with low melting point whereof the onium type cation having at least a heteroatom such as N, O, S or P bearing the positive charge and whereof the anion includes, wholly or partially, at least an ion imidide such as (FX1O)N−(OX2F) wherein X1 and X2 are identical or different and comprise SO or PF, and their use as solvent in electrochemical devices. Said composition comprises a salt wherein the anionic charge is delocalized, and can be used, inter alia, as electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to ionic compositions having a high ionic conductivity comprising a salt with a delocalized anionic charge.

Abstract: The invention concerns ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention is comprised of an amide or one of its salts, including an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M+m in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic portion matches the formula RF—SOx—N−Z, wherein RF is a perfluorinated group, x is 1 or 2, and Z is an electroattractive substituent. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants, and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention is related to ionic compounds, derivatives of malononitrile, in which the anionic load has been displaced. An ionic compound disclosed by the invention includes an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M+m in sufficient number to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic portion corresponds to one of the formulas RD—Y—C(C≡N)2− or Z—C(C≡N)2− in which Z is an electroattractive group, RD is an organic radical, and Y is a carbonyl, a thiocarbonyl, a sulfonyl, a sulfinyl, or a phosphonyl. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants, and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention concerns ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention is comprised of an amide or one of its salts, including an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M+m in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic portion matches the formula RF—SOx—N−Z, wherein RF is a perfluorinated group, x is 1 or 2, and Z is an electroattractive substituent. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants, and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aprotic electrolytic composition located in the separator and in at least one composite electrode containing a powder of an active electrode material, and if necessary an electronic conduction additive of an electrochemical generator. The electrolytic composition comprises a first polymer matrix consisting of a polyether and at least a second polymer matrix, macroscopically separated, and also at least an alkaline salt as well as a polar aprotic solvent: The polymer matrices are capable of being swollen by at least one of the polar aprotic solvents. The solvent or mixture of solvents is unevenly distributed between the polymer matrices. The invention also concerns an electrochemical generator comprising a negative electrode and positive electrode reversible to alkaline ions and a separator with polymer electrolyte, the electrolytic component of which is the composition described above.

Abstract: The invention relates to an tonically conductive material, to its preparation and to its uses.

Abstract: Grafting a polymer at the surface of a carbonated material containing carboxyl, amine and/or hydroxyl functions at its surface. This material is suspended in a solution comprising the polymer to be grafted, which includes a carboxyl, amine and/or hydroxyl function, the solution also comprising a solvent of the polymer. This is followed by a treatment causing dehydration into a carboxyl function, an amide and/or hydroxyl function and the polymer is thus grafted on the carbonated material by means of ester or amide bonds. Utilization in the cathode or anode of an electrochemical generator, in a polymer material with low polarity, in an ink, and as a conductive deposit on flexible plastic used as electrical contact, electromagnetic protection and antistatic protection.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aprotic electrolytic composition located in the separator and in at least one composite electrode containing a powder of an active electrode material, and if necessary an electronic conduction additive of an electrochemical generator The electrolytic composition comprises a first polymer matrix consisting of a polyether and at least a second polymer matrix, macroscopically separated, and also at least an alkaline salt as well as a polar aprotic solvent: The polymer matrices are capable of being swollen by at least one of the polar aprotic solvents. The solvent or mixture of solvents is unevenly distributed between the polymer matrices. The invention also concerns an electrochemical generator comprising a negative electrode and positive electrode reversible to alkaline ions and a separator with polymer electrolyte, the electrolytic component of which is the composition described above.

Abstract: An electrochemical generator comprising thin films including a positive electrode and its collector, and a sheet of a host metal intended to later on constitute a negative electrode, as well as an electrolyte which is conductive towards alkaline ions and also a source of alkali ions. The sheet of the host metal has voids whose quantity and arrangement are capable of locally absorbing any lateral expansion of the sheet of host metal and thereby substantially preventing all cumulative change in the plane of the sheet of host metal when there is an initial formation of alloy in the sheet between the host metal and an alkali metal which is brought about by the alkaline ions. A method of manufacturing such a generator is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ionically conductive material, to its preparation and to its uses. The material includes at least one ionic compound in solution in an aprotic solvent, chosen from the compounds (1/mM)+[(ZY)2N]−, (1/mM)+[(ZY)3C]− and (1/mM)+[(ZY)2CQ]−, in which Y denotes SO2 or POZ, Q denotes —H, —COZ or Z, each substituent Z independently denotes a fluorine atom or an optionally perfluorinated organic group which optionally contains at least one polymerizable functional group, at least one of the substituents Z denoting a fluorine atom, and M denotes a cation. Application to electrochemical generators, supercapacities, to the doping of polymers and to electrochromic devices.

Abstract: Grafting a polymer at the surface of a carbonated material containing carboxyl amine and/or hydroxyl functions at its surface. This material is suspended in a solution comprising the polymer to be grafted, which includes a carboxyl amine and/or hydroxyl function, the solution also comprising a solvent of the polymer. This is followed by a treatment causing dehydration into a carboxyl function, an amide and/or hydroxyl function and the polymer is thus grafted on the carbonated material by means of ester or amide bonds. Utilization in the cathode or anode of an electrochemical generator, in a polymer material with low polarity, in an ink, and as a conductive deposit on flexible plastic used as electrical contact, electromagnetic protection and antistatic protection.

Abstract: The invention relates to ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been displaced, and the uses of these compounds. A compound disclosed by the invention comprises an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M+m in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality. The anionic portion is comprised of one of the groups (A) and (B): wherein Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 represent a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, a thionyl group, a —C(═NCN)— or a —C(═C(CN)2)— group; Z represents an electroattractive radical; each of the substituents, RA, RB, RC and RD represents independently of one another a monovalent or divalent organic radical or is part of a polymer chain, with at least one of the substituents RC and RD being a perfluorinated radical. The compounds can be used especially for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants, and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.

Abstract: An in-situ thermal management system for an energy storage device. The energy storage device includes a plurality of energy storage cells each being coupled in parallel to common positive and negative connections. Each of the energy storage cells, in accordance with the cell's technology, dimensions, and thermal/electrical properties, is configured to have a ratio of energy content-to-contact surface area such that thermal energy produced by a short-circuit in a particular cell is conducted to a cell adjacent the particular cell so as to prevent the temperature of the particular cell from exceeding a breakdown temperature. In one embodiment, a fuse is coupled in series with each of a number of energy storage cells. The fuses are activated by a current spike capacitively produced by a cell upon occurrence of a short-circuit in the cell, thereby electrically isolating the short-circuited cell from the common positive and negative connections.

Abstract: An improved electrochemical energy storing device includes a number of thin-film electrochemical cells which are maintained in a state of compression through use of an internal or an external pressure apparatus. A thermal conductor, which is connected to at least one of the positive or negative contacts of each electrochemical cell, conducts current into and out of the electrochemical cells and also conducts thermal energy between the electrochemical cells and thermally conductive material disposed on a wall structure adjacent the conductors. The wall structure includes electrically resistive material, such as an anodized coating or a thin film of plastic. The thermal conductors are fabricated to include a spring mechanism which expands and contacts to maintain mechanical contact between the electrochemical cells and the thermally conductive material in the presence of relative movement between the electrochemical cells and the wall structure.

Abstract: There is provided a mother-battery containing at least the following films: an anode of metallic lithium or sodium, a polymer electrolyte which is conductive towards the alkaline ions of the anode and also acts as a separator between the electrodes, and a composite cathode consisting of a compound which is reducible to lithium or sodium, an additive of electronic conduction and a polymer electrolyte binder. The mother battery also includes an electronically conductive thin coating on the external face of the anode and, possibly of the cathode, in which the conductive material is chemically inert towards the electrode material and which also serves to establish permanent electrical contacts on the external faces. The laminated mother-battery of larger surface area and at least partially charged is thereafter subjected to a sharp mechanical cutting out to give thin polymer electrolyte batteries with lithium or sodium anode.

Abstract: These additives are represented by the following general formula:L--Y--Sin which L designates a hydrocarbon radical which serves as lubricating segment; S designates an oligomer segment which serves as solvating segment of metallic salts and Y designates a chemical bond which joins the hydrocarbon radical and the oligomer segment. With these additives there is no more need to subsequently wash the surface of laminated lithium.

Abstract: Rechargeable generator consisting of an anode of an alkali metal or a malleable alkali alloy, at least one polymer electrolyte which is conductive with respect to alkali cations and acts as separator, as well as at least one cathode which is reversible to cations of alkali metal and its current collector. The anode comprises a thin metallic sheet, which includes at the surface thereof a passivation film SEI capable of limiting reaction between the metal and the polymer electrolyte and to exchange lithium ions. The polymer electrolyte comprises a homogeneous separator which is capable of transmitting a pressure on the anode to resist against the dendridic strain of the metal of the anode by undergoing a rate of deformation lower than 35% of its thickness.

Abstract: An ionically conductive material which contains at least one ionic compound in solution in an aprotic solvent, wherein the ionic compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (1/mM).sup.61 ((ZY)2N).sup..crclbar., (1/mM).sup..sym. ((ZY).sub.3 C).sup..crclbar., or (1/mM).sup..sym. ((ZY).sub.2 CQ).sup..crclbar., wherein M, Z, Y and Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: Additives are represented by the following general formula:L-Y-Sin which L designates a hydrocarbon radical which serves as lubricating segment; S designates an oligomer segment which serves as solvating segment of metallic salts and Y designates a chemical bond which joins the hydrocarbon radical and the oligomer segment. With these additives there is no more need to subsequently wash the surface of laminated lithium.