Abstract: Signal filtering removes effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: Signal filtering removes effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: A signal filtering technique is designed to remove the effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. The technique is particularly applicable to periodic signals associated with the output of Hall effect sensors in an electrical metrology environment. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: A signal filtering technique is designed to remove the effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. The technique is particularly applicable to periodic signals associated with the output of Hall effect sensors in an electrical metrology environment. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: A signal filtering technique is designed to remove the effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. The technique is particularly applicable to periodic signals associated with the output of Hall effect sensors in an electrical metrology environment. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: A signal filtering technique is designed to remove the effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. The technique is particularly applicable to periodic signals associated with the output of Hall effect sensors in an electrical metrology environment. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: The method and system for multi-version digital authoring comprises providing digital media from which media objects are created. Version classes are predetermined, each including version identifiers for identifying respective versions of the media objects. A work copy is then created of each sound object corresponding to each version identifier. A selected modifying value characterizing a selected modifier is associated to a selected media object. The version of the object corresponding to a current version identifier is then modified by the modifying value. The method and system provides means to link and unlink modifiers associated to a selected sound object for a selected version identifier.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor or device may be used in a variety of embodiments, such as measuring current within an associated conductor by helping to measure flux density within a gap of a ferromagnetic power meter core, such as in a power meter. A high linearity interface for a Hall effect device is provided for minimizing offset effects without using complicated electronic circuits. Hall effect device is characterized by first and second opposing surfaces, first and second device inputs, and first and second device outputs. A substrate is layered adjacent to one of the first and second opposing surfaces of the Hall effect device and is electrically connected to an output pin of the Hall effect device to eliminate any effects caused by asymmetry of the voltage appearing in the channel relative to the substrate.

Abstract: “A Hall effect sensor or device may be used in a variety of embodiments, such as measuring current within an associated conductor by helping to measure flux density within a gap of a ferromagnetic power meter core, such as in a power meter. A high linearity interface for a Hall effect device is provided for minimizing offset effects without using complicated electronic circuits. Hall effect device may include a substrate, first and second device inputs, and first and second device outputs. The substrate of the Hall effect device may be connected electrically to an output pin of the Hall device to eliminate any effects caused by asymmetry of the voltage appearing in the channel relative to the substrate. The net effect of the high linearity interface is to eliminate any adverse effects to linearity of the system, especially at low magnetic flux levels where the output voltage of the Hall device would be relatively small compared to the offset voltage levels involved.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor or device may be used in a variety of embodiments, such as measuring current within an associated conductor by helping to measure flux density within a gap of a ferromagnetic power meter core, such as in a power meter. A high linearity interface for a Hall effect device is provided for minimizing offset effects without using complicated electronic circuits. First and second levels of modulation relative to line frequency are used to synchronize Hall effect device input switching circuits and feedback loops for improved elimination of offset signals or noise from the ultimate system output. The substrate of the Hall effect device may be connected electrically to an output pin of the Hall device or to a separate virtual ground to eliminate any effects caused by asymmetry of the voltage appearing in the channel relative to the substrate.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor or device may be used in a variety of embodiments, such as measuring current within an associated conductor by helping to measure flux density within a gap of a ferromagnetic power meter core, such as in a power meter. A high linearity interface for a Hall effect device is provided for minimizing offset effects without using complicated electronic circuits. First and second levels of modulation relative to line frequency are used to synchronize Hall effect device input switching circuits and feedback loops for improved elimination of offset signals or noise from the ultimate system output. The substrate of the Hall effect device may be connected electrically to an output pin of the Hall device or to a separate virtual ground to eliminate any effects caused by asymmetry of the voltage appearing in the channel relative to the substrate.

Abstract: A light box comprises two halogen 500 watt lamps supplied with DC rectified power, a scanning window made of 3 sheets, a thermoswitch, a fan and an intensity control circuit. The light box is adapted to be used with a reflective-type scanner. When a reflective-type scanner is mounted on the scanning window of the light box, the apparatus is able to scan X-ray transparencies and to produce an image which physicians can use to perform radio-diagnosis.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor or device may be used in a variety of embodiments, such as measuring current within an associated conductor by helping to measure flux density within a gap of a ferromagnetic power meter core, such as in a power meter. A high linearity interface for a Hall effect device is provided for minimizing offset effects without using complicated electronic circuits. First and second levels of modulation relative to line frequency are used to synchronize Hall effect device input switching circuits and feedback loops for improved elimination of offset signals or noise from the ultimate system output. The substrate of the Hall effect device may be connected electrically to an output pin of the Hall device or to a separate virtual ground to eliminate any effects caused by asymmetry of the voltage appearing in the channel relative to the substrate.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit, including at least two stages of frequency modulation (25,20; 28, 31, 33) and demodulation of signals applied to or generated within that circuit, characterized in that the modulating and demodulating signal for each stage is an effective square wave and in that the ratio of the frequencies (F1, F2) of the modulating signals for the first and second stages corresponds substantially to the ratio of an even integer to an odd integer, or vice versa, such that there are substantially no common frequencies or harmonics between the first and second modulating signals.

Abstract: An electricity metering device including at least one sigma-delta converter (20) adapted to output a series of digital pulses, a digital counter means (21) for summing the output of the sigma-delta converter and a signalling means (32) to deliver an output signal (38) when the sum reaches a predetermined value, characterized in that the metering device further comprises a means (32, 33) for digitally adjusting the gain of the sigma-delta converter comprising programmable digital memory means (33) adapted to store a parameter representing the gain of the metering device, the value of the parameter being externally programmable, and a digital logic means (32) for logically combining the gain parameter with the digital sum stored in the counter means to determine the number of pulses required before the predetermined value is reached and an output pulse delivered.

Abstract: A modulated integrator circuit frequency modulates an input signal and has an integrator comprised of an amplifier (31) and an intregrating capacitor (35) connected across an input and an output of the amplifier. The circuit further comprises a storage capacitor (36) in addition to any switching capacitors (C) associated with the modulation of the input signal if present. The storage means (36) is connectable between the input and the output of the amplifier in parallel with the integrating capacitor. The storage capacitor stores a charge associated with the voltage of the output of the amplifier and transfer such charge to the integrating capacitor to enable reversal of the charge of the integrating capacitor in synchronism with the frequency modulation of the input signal.

Abstract: In order to avoid attempted fraud, the reader is provided with a detector for detecting a conductor wire disposed fraudulently in the insertion passage. The detector comprises a conducting plate (50) disposed across the passage. The plate (50) is fed with A.C. (62). When a fraudulent conductor wire (46) is connected to one of the contact blades (26) of the read head (28), the detector circuit is looped by capacitive coupling between the wire (46) and the plate (50).

Abstract: Extrusion die assembly and method of insulating conductor in which tensile reinforcing elements are introduced into the conductor insulation as it is being extruded. During extrusion, the reinforcing element engage outwardly against a position control member to limit their outward movement. The extrudate flows to either side of the position control member and recombines into a single unitary mass downstream of the control member.

Abstract: A drying oven for an indefinite length of material having a drying chamber surrounded by an annular heat exchanger, the drying chamber having an inlet and outlet for material passing through it. The heat exchanger has heat exchange members defining flow passages extending axially and around the chamber and having an incoming passage interconnected with an outgoing passage by means of the drying chamber.

Abstract: An electrical conductor has a coating or layer of U-V cured material on the metallic conducting member. The ultra-violet cured coating is partially cured before application of pulp insulation. Further curing then produces a chemical bond between the ultra-violet cured coat and the pulp insulation to assist in holding the pulp on the conducting member. The conductor is economic to produce while providing an efficient moisture barrier between the pulp insulation and conducting member.