Abstract: This integrated device for instantaneously carrying out qualitative and quantitative identification of one or more physicochemical entities contained in or on a sample and capable of producing one or more emission or absorption or reflection spectra under excitation by an electromagnetic wave comprises, within a shielded casing (1):a polychromator (5) to which the emission, absorption or reflection spectrum or spectra of the analyzed sample is or are conveyed,an element (6) for detecting said signals, which is positioned on the optical path of the signals output by the polychromator (5),a conversion circuit (6), coupled with said polychromator (5),a central processing unit (7) incorporating, in an associated memory, a plurality of standard spectra representative of known and predetermined entities and intended to analyze the digital spectrum or spectra thus obtained and to compare, after decorrelation, this spectrum or these spectra with the spectra stored in said memory, and to deduce from this comparison th