Abstract: A sensor for deposit build-up in plant, for example a paper-making installation, comprising a probe mounted with respect to a mounting body and including at least one strain gauge for measuring the flexural strain in a flexurally deformable body strained by imbalance in the probe in response to the combined mass of the probe and the deposit build-up thereon. The process of the invention envisages using the resulting signal for controlling the application of a deposit-controlling composition. An optional further sensor enables detection of the nature of the deposition whose quantity is sensed by the strain gauge.

Abstract: A chloride analyzer includes an inlet valve and filters for process water to be analyzed, as well as a pH electrode to verify the pH value of the incoming liquid before further treatment. A stripper bubbles stripping air through the process water to remove hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide therefrom, and the discharge line from said stripper feeds a reaction vessel to which also reagent from a supply vessel is passed. After a suitable reaction time, optionally followed by a further air stripping operation through air supply line, the reaction products are fed via line to an ionometry measuring cell where chloride analysis is carried out using a specific ion selective electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining the farfield directional pressure intensity of a sonorous source placed in a fluid medium from pressure measurements taken in the nearfield of the source is disclosed. An acoustic antenna is placed in the nearfield of the source to map the acoustic pressure nearfield. The antenna consists of either a single receptor, or of two separate receptors, one fixed in position to define the direction and the other variable in position over the acoustic antenna. Each receptor is comprised of two oppositely facing parallel planar arrays of acoustic detectors separated by a predetermined distance. The detectors are arranged in each array in a predetermined matrix. The detector signals from both arrays are processed by either of two different methods, an additive or a multiplicative method, to obtain the farfield directional pressure intensity of the source.