Abstract: The control system of the invention is associated with an engine provided with means for measuring one or several parameters including pressures (in the cylinder, induction pressure, exhaust pressure) for each cylinder, acceleration, injection needle lift, knock detection, engine torque, etc., and with means for the angular coding of the crankshaft position. The control system includes a synchronization set (7) co-operating with angular discrimination means so as to readjust automatically at any time the angular coding data with respect to the combustion cycles. An acquisition set digitizes at a high frequency the various data measured, and notably the pressure values taken during each cycle, simultaneously in all the cylinders. A processing set (18) including notably a fast digital processor suited for determining in real time complex physical parameters such as the man indicated pressure (PMI) at each cycle or each engine revolution, stability factors of these parameters in time, etc.