Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to send a discovery request to an edge enabler server (EES). The discovery request may include an indication of an application client (AC) at the WTRU, an indication of a group profile associated with the AC, and AC authorization credentials. The WTRU may also receive a discovery response message. The discovery response message may include information associated with an edge application server (EAS) for the AC, and an indication that the AC is authorized for a group session with the EAS. The WTRU may further provide the information associated with the EAS to the AC for communication with the EAS.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive a group profile. The WTRU may send a provisioning request message to an Edge Configuration Server (ECS). The WTRU may further receive an indication of an Edge Enabler Server (EES) associated with the group profile from the ECS in response to the provisioning request message, and send a discovery request message to the EES. The WTRU may receive a discovery response message with information indicating one or more Edge Application Servers (EASs). Moreover, the WTRU may select an EAS based on the discovery response message, and send a provisioning request message to the EES.

Abstract: The WTRU may determine that it has a need to request a NAS network service and may generate an application layer NAS message that comprises the request. The WTRU may determine, based on configuration information, one or more network nodes configured to provide NAS network services. The WTRU may determine, based on analytics data and policy data, a first network node in the one or more network nodes to which the application layer NAS message may be sent. The WTRU may determine, based on the policy data, one or more parameters for sending the application layer NAS message to the first network node. The WTRU may determine an endpoint address associated with the first network node. The WTRU may send the application layer NAS message to the first network node using the endpoint address and the one or more parameters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for discovery and selection of a Local Network Exposure Function (L-NEF) are described herein. A method of for registering with a Network Repository Function (NRF) performed by a L-NEF may include sending, to the NRF, a register registration message that includes a new NF network function (NF) profile, the new NF profile further including an identification of a Local Area Data Network (LADN), Service area information associated with the L-NEF, and a User Plane Function (UPF) Identifier (ID). The method may include receiving a registration response message from the NRF.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish a connection with an ambient power-enabled internet of things (A_IoT) device. The WTRU may receive a location update request. For example, the WTRU may receive the location update request from the A_IoT device via the connection. The WTRU may send a mobile originated location request (MO-LR). The WTRU may send the MO-LR to a network, for example based on the received location update request. The MO-LR may include an identifier associated with the A_IoT device and/or an indication that positioning is requested for the A_IoT device. The WTRU may determine to perform positioning with the network. The WTRU may perform the positioning, for example with the network, to indicate the location of the A_IoT device. The connection may be a sidelink connection and/or a backscattering connection.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, one or more devices, systems, and/or methods may address solutions and/or innovations for 5G System edge computing, edge applications, and/or other wireless systems. For example, one or more of the following techniques may be used to address shared-application vertical-session-based edge-application-instance discovery and selection: there may be an application vertical-session identifier; one or more application-vertical-session-based EAS registration, discovery, and selection procedures; application-vertical-session-based EDN/EES provisioning; and/or, application-vertical-session management.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method, implemented in a WTRU, comprises transmitting, to a network, a first message comprising first information indicating a first request for configuring a connectivity with a device edge application server (DEAS); receiving, from the network, a second message comprising second information indicating DEAS connectivity configuration information; performing a DEAS connectivity configuration based on the received second message; transmitting, to the network, a third message comprising third information indicating a second request to register the DEAS; and receiving, from the network, a fourth message comprising fourth information indicating that DEAS is registered.

Abstract: A system and method for providing an Edge Sharing Service via a local connection is disclosed. This includes reserving resources for a locally connecting device responsive to a registration request from the device, discovering and connecting to at least one edge data network providing services required by the locally connecting device, selecting an edge application server (EAS) and service continuity method on behalf of the locally connecting device, and providing registration response to the device to allow the locally connecting device to access edge services over the local connection using the reserved resources for the device. This includes requesting Edge Sharing Function via an edge enabler client (EEC) registration and receiving an EEC response, authenticating and authorizing the device to access edge services, discovering edge services, providing the device with the address of the selected EAS, and configuring the required connectivity for the device to access the EAS.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments enable a non-3GPP device to be reached by a peer device when the non-3GPP device connects to a 3GPP network via a UE/5G-RG. The embodiments enable the non-3GPP to be temporarily associated to any network subscription. As the non-3GPP device is linked or unlinked from different UE/5G-RG s at different times,. The embodiments enable an AF and a peer node to subscribe to reachability notifications associated with the non-3GPP device. A 3GPP PCF enables device reachability notifications by updating a UDR/UDM and a NEF based on a connection status of an non-3GPP device.

Abstract: Based on the performance of an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AIML) model, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be instructed to collect and report data. The data may be collected and reported based on a DC profile, a DC endpoint, and a DC authorization policy. A DC session may be established and a DC session identifier may be associated with the DC session. The WTRU may be one of a plurality of members authorized to collect data. The plurality of members may be associated with the DC session identifier. The WTRU may send collected data to a network. The WTRU may include the DC session identifier when sending the collected data. Collected data may be used to develop a training dataset for an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AIML) model.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for service application programming interface (API) discovery based on a server dataset using the common API framework. A common API framework (CAPIF) may enable server and/or API discovery based on a server's dataset and/or private dataset. A CAPIF core function (CCF) may perform server and/or API discovery, for example, in scenarios where the CCF may have limited access or no access to a server's dataset.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for adjusting quality of service (QoS) based on the speed, location, and trajectory of a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). A first network node, such as a radio access network (RAN), may receive QoS profiles from a second node, like a session management function (SMF), and a profile may be associated with WTRU movement parameters and indices. Upon detecting changes in the WTRU's speed, location, or trajectory, the first network node may select an appropriate QoS profile and sends an index for the profile to the WTRU and a third node, such as a user plane function (UPF), to synchronize QoS handling.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method implemented in a Wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprises transmitting, to a network, a first message comprising first information indicating capability of device edge registry function (DERF); receiving, from the network, a first response message comprising second information indicating that the capability of the DERF of the WTRU is successfully registered; receiving from the network, a second message comprising third information indicating a request to activate the DERF; enabling the DERF; and transmitting, to the network, a third message comprising fourth information indicating the DERF is enabled.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method implemented in a first node, comprises receiving, from a second node, an application modification request message comprising first information indicating an identity, security and trust credentials of the second network node, and an resource modification descriptor; determining an edge resource descriptor (ERD) list based on the first information of the application modification request message; transmitting, to the second node, a resource allocation request message; receiving, from the second node, a message indicating success of the resource allocation request; transmitting, to a third node, an application descriptor modification notification comprising second information indicating an identity and credentials of the first network node, and the ERD list; receiving, from the third node, an application descriptor modification acknowledgement message, comprising third information indicating a modified ERD list; and transmitting, to the second node, an application modification response

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for adaptative WTRU reachability in a wireless network are described. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes a processor and a transceiver, which are configured to connected to a wireless network and send a first message, via the wireless network. The first message includes information indicating that the WTRU will not monitor a paging channel of the wireless network when the WTRU is in an idle state. The processor and the transceiver also receive a second message, via the wireless network. The second message includes information indicating a reachability strategy for the WTRU, which includes paging the WTRU via an alternate source when the WTRU is in the idle state.

Abstract: A method implemented by a network device, including receiving analytic identification information Network Data Analytics Functions (NWDAFs) for Vertical Federate Learning (VFL) for an analytic identifier. Analytic identification information includes a VFL configuration identifier for the analytic identifier and a learning model (LM) identifier or feature identifier for the VFL configuration identifier for the analytic identifier. A candidate NWDAF for VFL training is determined for the VFL configuration identifier for the analytic identifier. A service response is sent and indicates the candidate NWDAF using a temporary identifier and the LM identifier or the feature identifier fort the VFL configuration identifier. A service request for VFL training is received and includes the analytic identifier, VFL configuration identifier, and VFL correlation identifier identifying the VFL training session between a VFL server and VFL client.

Abstract: Example procedures for managing wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) context are disclosed herein. A base station may receive, from a WTRU, a first message including a first payload, a second payload, and an indication of a service type. The base station may select, based on the first payload, compute resources to execute the indicated service type. The base station may send, to a network entity comprising the selected compute resources, a request message requesting the selected compute resources to execute the indicated service type, wherein the request message includes the second payload. The base station may receive, from the network entity, a first response message including an indication that a service of the indicated service type was invoked successfully, quality of service (QoS) configuration information for the base station, a context identifier, and payload response information for the WTRU. The base station may send the payload response information to the WTRU.

Abstract: A method, implemented in a WTRU is described herein. The method may include sending configuration information to a WTRU. The configuration information may indicate the WTRU to send reporting information to the network element about a buffering event related to a traffic flow. The method may include receiving the reporting information from the WTRU indicating that (1) the buffering event related to the traffic flow may have occurred at the WTRU and (2) the buffering event may be associated with a buffering condition being satisfied at the WTRU. The method may include determining a corrective action associated with the traffic flow based on the reporting information to prevent the buffering condition from being satisfied. The method may include performing the corrective action associated with the traffic flow.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and/or a network. A WTRU may include a processor configured to detect a request to create a service association (SA). The request may indicate a coherent resource and/or indicate policy information associated with creating a coherent resource policy. The WTRU may generate the coherent resource policy based on the coherent resource and the policy information. The WTRU may generate an SA create message. The SA create message may include an indication of the coherent resource and the coherent resource policy. The WTRU may send the SA create message to a network node. The SA create message may indicate a request to create the SA based on the coherent resource and/or the coherent resource policy. The WTRU may receive an SA create response message from the network node.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing application instantiation delay and downtime are described herein. A method may comprise relocating an application function from a source Edge Data Network (EDN) component to a target EDN component. The method may comprise receiving an indication, and/or determining, based on at least one of a user mobility, resource optimization requirement, key performance indicator (KPI), or a failed relocation attempt, to relocate the application function. The method may further comprise performing a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session establishment procedure toward the target EDN component. The method may further comprise determining, based on one or more received parameters for edge usage and capabilities, to relocate the application function. The method may further comprise sending, to a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) orchestrator, an indication that the application function will be relocated.