Abstract: A roller for image fixing, comprising a hollow cylindrical member; a shaft member inserted into one longitudinal end of the cylindrical member; a hole portion penetrating the cylindrical member and the shaft member; a first countersink formed at a circumference of one end of the hole portion in an outerside of the cylindrical member; a second countersink formed at a circumference of the other end of the hole portion in an outerside of the cylindrical member; and a pin inserted in the hole portion to fix the cylindrical member and the shaft member relative to each other, wherein the one and the other end portions of the pin are deformed so as to be closely contacted to the first and second countersink portions, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus capable of easily recovering a jam sheet nipped by a fixing roller and a pressure roller. In an entrance guide which guides a sheet to a fixing nip portion between a fixing roller and a pressure rolle, a bending portion is provided on a back side of a guide face which guides the sheet to the fixing nip portion. Then, when the sheet to be discharged toward the entrance guide by a manual discharge member enters the back side of the entrance guide, a downstream side end in a discharging direction of the sheet is locked to the bending portion, and thus the central portion of the sheet in the sheet discharging direction is bent along the surface of the guide face by discharging the sheet in a state where the downstream side end in the discharging direction is locked.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a fixing portion that fixes a toner image to a sheet by applying heat to the sheet; a conveyance path through which back and forth conveyance of the sheet conveyed from the fixing portion is performed by normally and reversely rotating a conveying roller; a water addition portion that adds water to the sheet at a water addition position in the conveyance path on upstream in a conveying direction of the conveying roller; and a controller that controls the water addition portion such that the water is added to the sheet conveyed from the fixing portion to the water addition position, and that the water is added to the sheet to which the reverse conveyance has been performed by the reverse rotation of the conveying roller after an upstream end in the conveying direction of the sheet passes through the water addition position.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus including an endless belt for heating an image on a recording material; a supporting member for supporting the belt; a coil for induction heat generation in the belt; control means for controlling a position of the belt in a widthwise direction by inclining the supporting member so as to maintain the position of the belt in the widthwise direction within a predetermined target range; and suppressing means for suppressing a variation of a distance between the belt and the coil with a variation of inclination of the supporting member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt for heating an image on a recording material at a nip; a pressing pad for pressing the belt at the nip; a supporting member for supporting the belt at an inner surface thereof, the supporting member being displaceable to move the belt in a widthwise direction of the belt; a lubricant application member for applying lubricant onto the inner surface of the belt; and displacing means for displacing the lubricant application member in accordance with a displacement of the supporting member.

Abstract: An apparatus for inclining a roller on which a pressure belt is suspended to perform a deviation control of the pressure belt, which can well perform the deviation control of the pressure belt even when the pressure belt has been spaced apart from a fixing roller. A fixing device is provided with a pressure belt suspended on rollers, a deviation control device adjusting the deviation of the pressure belt, and a pressure unit bringing the pressure belt into pressure contact with a fixing roller to form a nip portion. The deviation control device is designed to be moved with the pressure unit.

Abstract: In a fixing apparatus capable of reducing unevenness in temperature distribution in an axial direction while reducing heat loss at an end portion, a fixing belt 11 extended around a fixation roller 13 and a fixation tension roller 14 is heated by a coil unit 28 for effecting induction heating. The fixation tension roller 14 is assembled by inserting a heat pipe 15 into a hollow roller 14a. At both end portions, the hollow roller 14a is covered with a cover portion having small holes.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus including an endless belt for heating an image on a recording material; a supporting member for supporting the belt; a coil for induction heat generation in the belt; control means for controlling a position of the belt in a widthwise direction by inclining the supporting member so as to maintain the position of the belt in the widthwise direction within a predetermined target range; and suppressing means for suppressing a variation of a distance between the belt and the coil with a variation of inclination of the supporting member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus including an endless belt for heating an image on a recording material; a supporting member for supporting the belt; a coil for induction heat generation in the belt; control means for controlling a position of the belt in a widthwise direction by inclining the supporting member so as to maintain the position of the belt in the widthwise direction within a predetermined target range; and suppressing means for suppressing a variation of a distance between the belt and the coil with a variation of inclination of the supporting member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus including an endless belt for heating an image on a recording material; a supporting member for supporting the belt; a coil for induction heat generation in the belt; control means for controlling a position of the belt in a widthwise direction by inclining the supporting member so as to maintain the position of the belt in the widthwise direction within a predetermined target range; and suppressing means for suppressing a variation of a distance between the belt and the coil with a variation of inclination of the supporting member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt for heating an image on a recording material at a nip; a pressing pad for pressing the belt at the nip; a supporting member for supporting the belt at an inner surface thereof, the supporting member being displaceable to move the belt in a widthwise direction of the belt; a lubricant application member for applying lubricant onto the inner surface of the belt; and displacing means for displacing the lubricant application member in accordance with a displacement of the supporting member.

Abstract: In a fixing apparatus capable of reducing unevenness in temperature distribution in an axial direction while reducing heat loss at an end portion, a fixing belt 11 extended around a fixation roller 13 and a fixation tension roller 14 is heated by a coil unit 28 for effecting induction heating. The fixation tension roller 14 is assembled by inserting a heat pipe 15 into a hollow roller 14a. At both end portions, the hollow roller 14a is covered with a cover portion having small holes.

Abstract: An apparatus for inclining a roller on which a pressure belt is suspended to perform a deviation control of the pressure belt, which can well perform the deviation control of the pressure belt even when the pressure belt has been spaced apart from a fixing roller. A fixing device is provided with a pressure belt suspended on rollers, a deviation control device adjusting the deviation of the pressure belt, and a pressure unit bringing the pressure belt into pressure contact with a fixing roller to form a nip portion. The deviation control device is designed to be moved with the pressure unit.

Abstract: In a chemical substance detecting method for determining a chemical substance adsorbed to an infrared transmitting substrate by infrared multiple internal reflection method, a first light quantity in a first wavelength range where no substantial absorption of the infrared light takes place is measured in a state of the infrared transmitting substrate without a chemical substance adsorbed to, a second light quantity in the first wavelength range is measured in a state of the infrared transmitting substrate with a chemical substance adsorbed to, and a light quantity ratio between the first light quantity and the second light quantity is considered to compute an adsorption amount of the chemical substance adsorbed to the infrared transmitting substrate, whereby even when a light quantity of the transmitted infrared light is changed due to factors other than a chemical substance adsorbed to the substrate, the adsorption amount of the chemical substance can be precisely computed.

Abstract: An infrared beam is applied into an infrared transmitting substrate 10 disposed in an environment to be measured; the infrared beam which has undergone multiple internal reflections in the infrared transmitting substrate 10 and exited from the infrared transmitting substrate 10 is detected; the detected infrared beam is spectroscopically analyzed to measure a species and/or a quantity of the substance in the environment present near the infrared transmitting substrate 10; and a species and/or a concentration of the substance in the environment to be measured are measured based on the species and/or the quantity of the substance in the environment present near the infrared transmitting substrate 10. Thus, the substances in the environment, such as organic contaminants, etc., present in the atmosphere can be identified, or their concentrations can be measured, with high sensitivity and realtime.

Abstract: A surface state monitoring apparatus for monitoring a surface state of semiconductor substrates by infrared spectroscopy at fabrication site of semiconductor substrates. The apparatus comprises an incidence optical system for introducing infrared radiation into a substrate-to-be-monitored, a detection optical system for detecting infrared radiation which has undergone multiple reflections inside the substrate and exited from the substrate, a surface state monitoring means for monitoring a surface state of the substrate based on the detected infrared radiation, a position detecting means for optically detecting a position of the substrate, and a control means for controlling a position and an angle at which infrared radiation to be incident on the substrate, corresponding to the position of the substrate.

Abstract: A substrate treating method and apparatus which can perform in-situ monitoring of surface state of a semiconductor substrate. The substrate treating apparatus comprises substrate treating means for subjecting the substrate to a required treatment, means for condensing infrared radiation emitted by an infrared radiation source onto an outer peripheral part of the substrate and introducing the infrared radiation into the substrate, means for detecting the infrared radiation which has undergone multiple reflection inside the substrate and exited from the substrate, means for analyzing the detected infrared radiation, means for monitoring the surface state of the substrate, and control means for controlling the substrate treating means, based on the monitored surface state of the substrate.

Abstract: A surface state monitoring method and apparatus for performing in-situ monitoring of surface states of semiconductor substrates. The apparatus comprises condensing means 30 for condensing infrared radiation to an outer peripheral part of the substrate-to-be-monitored; control means 80 for controlling an incident angle of the infrared radiation condensed by the condensing means 30; condensing means 40 for condensing the infrared radiation which has undergone multiple reflection in the substrate-to-be-monitored; detecting means 50 for detecting the infrared radiation condensed by the infrared radiation condensing means 40, and analyzing means 60 for analyzing the detected infrared radiation detected and measuring contaminants staying on the surfaces of the substrate-to-be-monitored.

Abstract: Infrared beam is applied into an infrared transmitting substrate 10 disposed in an environment to be measured; the infrared beam which has undergone multiple internal reflection in the infrared transmitting substrate 10 and exited from the infrared transmitting substrate 10 is detected; the detected infrared beam is spectroscopically analyzed to measure a species and/or a quantity of the substance in the environment present near the infrared transmitting substrate 10; and a species and/or a concentration of the substance in the environment to be measured are measured based on the species and/or the quantity of the substance in the environment present near the infrared transmitting substrate 10. Thus, the substances in the environment, such as organic contaminants, etc., present in the atmosphere can be identified, or their concentrations can be measured, with high sensitivity and realtime.

Abstract: The surface state monitoring apparatus comprises: a wafer cassette holding a plurality of semiconductor wafers; an incidence optical system for applying infrared radiation to at least one of said plurality of semiconductor wafers; a detection optical system for detecting the infrared radiation which has undergone multiple reflection in the semiconductor wafer and exited from the semiconductor wafer; surface state monitoring means for monitoring surface states of the semiconductor wafer, based on the infrared radiation detected by the detection optical system; and displacing means for displacing the wafer cassette relative to the incidence optical system and the detection optical system.