Abstract: A three-dimensional memory device includes an alternating stack of insulating layers and electrically conductive layers located over a substrate, memory openings located in a memory array region and vertically extending through the alternating stack, memory opening fill structures located in the memory openings, and laterally-isolated contact via assemblies located in a contact region. Each of the laterally-isolated contact via assemblies includes a contact via structure contacting a top surface of a respective one of the electrically conductive layers and an insulating spacer laterally surrounding the contact via structure and having an outer surface having a corrugated vertical cross-sectional profile in which first portions of the insulating spacer located at levels of the electrically conductive layers laterally protrude outward relative to second portions of the insulating spacer located at levels of the insulating layers.

Abstract: A washing machine inner drum and a washing machine. The inner drum includes a hollow cylinder-shaped inner drum body, at least one counterweight body being arranged fixedly on the inner drum body; when the inner drum body rotates, the counterweight body rotates therewith, and the centre of mass of the counterweight body is positioned on the axis of the inner drum. The washing machine includes a shell and an outer drum, the present washing machine inner drum being arranged within the outer drum. The washing machine inner drum has good damping effects, and when vibration occurs, functions quickly and reduces the vibration.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a plurality of rollers including a first roller rotated by receiving rotation from a drive unit and a second roller rotated with the rotation of the first roller; a belt stretched around the plurality of rollers, the belt having an inner surface; and a tension applying unit that applies tension to the belt. The inner surface of the belt has an uneven shape. Each of at least one roller of the plurality of rollers satisfies conditions expressed by ?kmax?0.73 and ??k=(?kmax??kmin)?0.51, where ?kmax is a maximum dynamic friction coefficient between the inner surface of the belt and the roller, and ?kmin is a minimum dynamic friction coefficient between the inner surface of the belt and the roller.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a plurality of rollers including a first roller rotated by receiving rotation from a drive unit and a second roller rotated with the rotation of the first roller; a belt stretched around the plurality of rollers, the belt having an inner surface; and a tension applying unit that applies tension to the belt. The inner surface of the belt has an uneven shape. Each of at least one roller of the plurality of rollers satisfies conditions expressed by ?kmax?0.73 and ??k=(?kmax??kmin)?0.51, where ?kmax is a maximum dynamic friction coefficient between the inner surface of the belt and the roller, and ?kmin is a minimum dynamic friction coefficient between the inner surface of the belt and the roller.

Abstract: A belt unit includes rolls being rotatably supported and a belt to be conveyed by the rolls. In a dynamic viscoelasticity test with conditions of tensile load set in a frequency range of 0.01 to 100 [Hz], the belt unit satisfies 1?G10/G70?3.1, and L70?10 [MPa]. A storage elastic modulus of the belt at a temperature of 10[° C.] is indicated by G10. A storage elastic modulus of the belt at a temperature of 70[° C.] is indicated by G70. A loss elastic modulus of the belt at a temperature of 70[° C.] is indicated by L70.

Abstract: An image forming device having a cleaning device that removes an adhered object on an endless belt body by contacting the endless belt body, which rotates while under tension. The endless belt body is formed with the following includes: an indentation Young's modulus is equal to or more than 5.5 GPa and is equal to or less than 10.0 GPa, and a specularity of a contacting surface that contacts the cleaning device is equal to or more than 50 and is equal to or less than 100.

Abstract: A belt drive apparatus includes: a rotatable first roller; a rotatable second roller; a belt member stretched by the first and the second rollers so as to be capable of being conveyed by the first roller and the second roller; and a restraint member provided on at least one of the two ends of the second roller and including a belt receiving surface to be brought into contact with an edge portion of the belt member. The belt receiving surface and an axis of the second roller make an angle that is not smaller than 93° but not larger than 115°.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developer image bearing body that bears a developer image formed of a developer. The developer image bearing body has roughness-imparting particles on a surface thereof. A mean particle diameter d of the roughness-imparting particles and a mean particle diameter D of the developer satisfy a relationship: (½)×D<d<D.

Abstract: A belt unit includes an endless belt that transports a recording medium thereon. The endless belt has a Young's modulus in the range of 3.5?Y?7.0. The endless belt is disposed about a plurality of rollers, and runs about the rollers. The endless belt has a thickness such that 0.0025?Y×T3?0.007 where Y is the Young's modulus and T is the thickness. A cleaning member removes deposits from the surface of the endless belt. The belt unit may also operate as a transfer unit and include a cleaning member disposed about a plurality of rollers. The cleaning member removes deposits from the surface of the endless belt. An image forming apparatus may include the belt unit or transfer unit.

Abstract: A belt is entrained about the rollers. A belt guide is secured to an inner surface of the belt and is guided by pulleys. The belt guide is formed of a material that has a dissipation factor of tan ??0.05 at a resonance frequency of 1 Hz±10% and at a temperature of 50±0.5° C., and a storage modulus of E??8.0×106 (Pa) at a resonance frequency of 1 Hz±10% and at a temperature of 50±0.5° C. Another material has tan ??0.05 at 1 Hz±10% and at 50±0.5° C., and E??8.0×106 (Pa) at 1 Hz±10% and at 50±0.5° C. The belt guide may be formed of a plurality of layers.

Abstract: Provided are a hairdressing and cosmetic comb which catches a lot of hair in the gaps of the comb teeth in single combing, does not need blocking or shifting of the comb from one hand to another, allows hair to be aligned straight easily, allows a practitioner to image a finished state of the whole head without hurting fingers of the practitioner, ensures an efficient hairdressing and cosmetic work of cutting or dyeing, and is manufactured at low cost, and a hairdressing and cosmetic method using the comb. A hairdressing and cosmetic comb 1 includes a support 2, and a plurality of comb teeth 3 provided in a row on one side of the support 2 substantially in parallel. The comb teeth 3 are elastically bent and deformed according to the form of a head 5 when the comb teeth 3 are pressed toward the head 5 on which the comb teeth abut via a contact portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first roller; a second roller; a belt tensely provided between the first roller and the second roller; and a guiding member for guiding an edge of the belt. Further, the belt has an edge surface having a step portion of equal to or smaller than 0.05 mm and a ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of equal to or smaller than 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: A belt drive apparatus includes: a rotatable first roller; a rotatable second roller; a belt member stretched by the first and the second rollers so as to be capable of being conveyed by the first roller and the second roller; and a restraint member provided on at least one of the two ends of the second roller and including a belt receiving surface to be brought into contact with an edge portion of the belt member. The belt receiving surface and an axis of the second roller make an angle that is not smaller than 93° but not larger than 115°.

Abstract: An endless belt includes base resin, polyaniline, and alkyl imide acid. Alternatively, the endless belt includes base resin, polyaniline, and alkylsulfonic acid. With such an arrangement, it becomes possible to keep constant the electric resistance of the endless belt despite the change in circumstances or the change with the passage of time, and to thereby enhance the printing quality.

Abstract: An image forming device having a cleaning device that removes an adhered object on an endless belt body by contacting the endless belt body, which rotates while under tension. The endless belt body is formed with the following includes: an indentation Young's modulus is equal to or more than 5.5 GPa and is equal to or less than 10.0 GPa, and a specularity of a contacting surface that contacts the cleaning device is equal to or more than 50 and is equal to or less than 100.

Abstract: A belt is entrained on a plurality of rollers and runs when the rollers are driven to rotate. A bead is attached to the belt and prevents the belt-like member from running crooked. The bead includes a first layer formed of a first material having a first hardness and a second layer formed of a second material having a second hardness. The second layer is laminated on the first layer. The bead is attached to the belt with the first layer being closer to the belt than the second layer. The first material and the second material expand simultaneously with temperature and humidity, and the first material and the second material contract simultaneously with temperature and humidity. The first hardness is higher than the second hardness.

Abstract: A belt unit includes an endless belt that transports a recording medium thereon. The endless belt has a Young's modulus in the range of 3.5?Y?7.0. The endless belt is disposed about a plurality of rollers, and runs about the rollers. The endless belt has a thickness such that 0.0025?Y×T3?0.007 where Y is the Young's modulus and T is the thickness. A cleaning member removes deposits from the surface of the endless belt. The belt unit may also operate as a transfer unit and include a cleaning member disposed about a plurality of rollers. The cleaning member removes deposits from the surface of the endless belt. An image forming apparatus may include the belt unit or transfer unit.

Abstract: A belt rotating apparatus capable of improving a durability with respect to flexion fatigue of a belt and capable of reducing the occurrence of the breakage of the belt; and an image forming apparatus having the belt rotating device are supplied. The belt rotating device includes a belt that is wound on a roller driven by a predetermined driving means; and a meander prevention member that is slidably contacted with an end surface of the belt for preventing a meander of the belt. In the belt rotating device, a friction reduction agent for reducing slide friction with respect to the meander prevention member is used to coat at least an end surface of the belt.

Abstract: A belt is entrained on a plurality of rollers and runs when the rollers are driven to rotate. A bead is attached to the belt and prevents the belt-like member from running crooked. The bead includes a first layer formed of a first material having a first hardness and a second layer formed of a second material having a second hardness. The second layer is laminated on the first layer. The bead is attached to the belt with the first layer being closer to the belt than the second layer. The first material and the second material expand simultaneously with temperature and humidity, and the first material and the second material contract simultaneously with temperature and humidity. The first hardness is higher than the second hardness.

Abstract: A belt unit includes an endless belt and a cleaning member. The endless belt has a value of ten-point height of roughness Rz not larger than 0.2 ?m, a value of shininess not less than 100, a creep not larger than 0.03%. The cleaning member is in contact with said endless belt and removes foreign matter adhering to said endless belt. The belt unit may be applied to an image forming apparatus either of direct transfer type and intermediate transfer type.