Abstract: A manufacturing method of an isocyanate compound including obtaining a reaction solution containing an aldehyde compound by reacting a compound represented by Formula (a1) or (a2) with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal compound of groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorus compound, neutralizing the reaction solution, purifying an aldehyde compound by distilling the neutralized reaction solution, reacting the aldehyde compound with ammonia and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain an amine compound; and reacting the amine compound with a carbonylating agent to obtain an isocyanate compound, wherein the phosphorus compound is represented by the Formula (R1O)3P, and the base compound is at least one selected from carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group I and carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group II, wherein the neutralizing the reaction solution is performed within a temperature range of 40° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an amine compound including obtaining a reaction solution containing an aldehyde compound by reacting a compound represented by Formula (a1) or (a2) with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal compound of groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorus compound, neutralizing the reaction, purifying an aldehyde compound by distilling the neutralized reaction solution, and reacting the aldehyde compound with ammonia and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain an amine compound, wherein the phosphorus compound is represented by the Formula (R1O)3P, and the base compound is at least one selected from carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group I and carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group II, and wherein the neutralizing the reaction solution is performed within a temperature range of 40° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an amine compound including obtaining a reaction solution containing an aldehyde compound by reacting a compound represented by Formula (a1) or (a2) with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal compound of groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorus compound, neutralizing the reaction, purifying an aldehyde compound by distilling the neutralized reaction solution, and reacting the aldehyde compound with ammonia and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain an amine compound, wherein the phosphorus compound is represented by the Formula (R1O)3P, and the base compound is at least one selected from carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group I and carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group II, and wherein the neutralizing the reaction solution is performed within a temperature range of 40° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an isocyanate compound including obtaining a reaction solution containing an aldehyde compound by reacting a compound represented by Formula (a1) or (a2) with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal compound of groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorus compound, neutralizing the reaction solution, purifying an aldehyde compound by distilling the neutralized reaction solution, reacting the aldehyde compound with ammonia and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain an amine compound; and reacting the amine compound with a carbonylating agent to obtain an isocyanate compound, wherein the phosphorus compound is represented by the Formula (R1O)3P, and the base compound is at least one selected from carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group I and carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group II, wherein the neutralizing the reaction solution is performed within a temperature range of 40° C. to 50° C.

Abstract: The purification method of an aldehyde compound of the present invention includes a step of neutralizing a reaction solution containing an aldehyde compound by adding water and a base compound to the reaction solution, and a step of distilling the neutralized reaction solution, in which the reaction solution is obtained by reacting a compound represented by the following Formula (a1) or (a2) with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal compound of groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorus compound, the phosphorus compound is represented by Formula (R1O)3P, and the base compound is at least one kind selected from among carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group I on the periodic table and carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group II on the periodic table.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde compound of the invention comprising: reacting a compound represented by the following formula (a1) or (a2) with a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide in a presence of a compound containing a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorous compound so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) and (2) to synthesize an aldehyde compound; wherein the condition (1) is that a content of a metal included in the compound containing a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 is 0.

Abstract: The purification method of an aldehyde compound of the present invention includes a step of neutralizing a reaction solution containing an aldehyde compound by adding water and a base compound to the reaction solution, and a step of distilling the neutralized reaction solution, in which the reaction solution is obtained by reacting a compound represented by the following Formula (a1) or (a2) with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal compound of groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorus compound, the phosphorus compound is represented by Formula (R1O)3P, and the base compound is at least one kind selected from among carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group I on the periodic table and carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of metals of group II on the periodic table.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde compound of the invention comprising: reacting a compound represented by the following formula (a1) or (a2) with a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide in a presence of a compound containing a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 and a phosphorous compound so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) and (2) to synthesize an aldehyde compound; wherein the condition (1) is that a content of a metal included in the compound containing a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 is 0.

Abstract: A process for producing pentaerythritol mercaptocarboxylic ester by reacting pentaerythritol with a mercaptocarboxylic acid having a content of thioester formed by condensation of two molecules of the acid of 5% or below (in terms of area percentage) as determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography in the case of the total area of the mercaptocarboxylic acid and thioester formed by intermolecular condensation of the acid is taken as 100%.

Abstract: A process for producing a (poly)thiol compound for an optical material. The process involves reacting an organic (poly)halogen compound or a (poly)alcohol compound with thiourea to produce an isothiuronium salt and hydrolyzing the isothiuronium salt in the presence of ammonia water to thereby produce the (poly)thiol compound, wherein the thiourea has a calcium content of not more than 1.0 wt %.

Abstract: A process for producing a (poly)thiol compound for an optical material. The process involves reacting an organic (poly)halogen compound or a (poly)alcohol compound with thiourea to produce an isothiuronium salt and hydrolyzing the isothiuronium salt in the presence of ammonia water to thereby produce the (poly)thiol compound, wherein the thiourea has a calcium content of not more than 1.0 wt %.

Abstract: A process for producing pentaerythritol mercaptocarboxylic ester by reacting pentaerythritol with a mercaptocarboxylic acid having a content of thioester formed by condensation of two molecules of the acid of 5% or below (in terms of area percentage) as determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography in the case of the total area of the mercaptocarboxylic acid and thioester formed by intermolecular condensation of the acid is taken as 100%.

Abstract: A process for producing pentaerythritol mercaptocarboxylic ester by reacting pentaerythritol with a mercaptocarboxylic acid having a content of thioester formed by condensation of two molecules of the acid of 5% or below (in terms of area percentage) as determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography in the case of the total area of the mercaptocarboxylic acid and thioester formed by intermolecular condensation of the acid is taken as 100%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a (poly)thiol compound for an optical material. The process comprises reacting an organic (poly)halogen compound or a (poly)alcohol compound with thiourea to produce an isothiuronium salt and hydrolyzing the isothiuronium salt to thereby produce the (poly)thiol compound, wherein the thiourea has a calcium content of not more than 1.0 wt %.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyolefin according to the present invention comprises (co) polymerizing one or two or more ?-olefins in a vapor phase in a fluidized-bed reactor, wherein the concentration of (A) a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon in the fluidized bed reactor is 1 mol % or more and at least one compound selected from (B) an aliphatic amide and (C) a nonionic surfactant constituted only of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms is made to exist in the reactor. The present invention can provide a process for producing a polyolefin, the process ensuring that the prevention of clogging caused by the generation of sheet or block polymers and a high efficiency of the production of a polyolefin due to good catalytic activity can be accomplished at the same time and also having superb continuous productivity.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyolefin according to the present invention comprises (co) polymerizing one or two or more &agr;-olefins in a vapor phase in a fluidized-bed reactor, wherein the concentration of (A) a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon in the fluidized bed reactor is 1 mol % or more and at least one compound selected from (B) an aliphatic amide and (C) a nonionic surfactant constituted only of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms is made to exist in the reactor. The present invention can provide a process for producing a polyolefin, the process ensuring that the prevention of clogging caused by the generation of sheet or block polymers and a high efficiency of the production of a polyolefin due to good catalytic activity can be accomplished at the same time and also having superb continuous productivity.