Abstract: A fourth layer outer frame protection pattern of a multilayer circuit board housed in a conductive base and a nonconductive cover is in contact with an inner surface of the base via a selection layer, and is connected to a second layer planar ground pattern via a coupling capacitor, outer peripheral portions of respective layer patterns including a first and third layer annular ground patterns are overlapped with each other, and the planar ground pattern is wire connected to a reference ground point of a vehicle body. When the base is conductively attached to the vehicle body, a selection layer is a solder resist film, and when it is non-conductively attached, the selection layer is a solder film, so that the planar ground pattern does not conduct with the base at the time of short circuit abnormality of the coupling capacitor.

Abstract: A fourth layer outer frame protection pattern of a multilayer circuit board housed in a conductive base and a nonconductive cover is in contact with an inner surface of the base via a selection layer, and is connected to a second layer planar ground pattern via a coupling capacitor, outer peripheral portions of respective layer patterns including a first and third layer annular ground patterns are overlapped with each other, and the planar ground pattern is wire connected to a reference ground point of a vehicle body. When the base is conductively attached to the vehicle body, a selection layer is a solder resist film, and when it is non-conductively attached, the selection layer is a solder film, so that the planar ground pattern does not conduct with the base at the time of short circuit abnormality of the coupling capacitor.

Abstract: A first output voltage of a constant-voltage power supply is applied as a reference voltage of a multi-channel A-to-D converter and a monitor signal obtained by smoothing the first output voltage by a first power-supply filter is inputted as an input signal voltage. A micro-processor periodically writes digital conversion data of the monitor signal into shift registers to calculate a maximum deviation using a maximum value and a minimum value of the latest predetermined number of data, and determines a power-supply abnormality when the maximum deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An in-vehicle electronic control unit is fed via a power supply relay energized when a power supply switch is closed while the vehicle is in motion. When a filler lid open command switch is closed in a vehicle stop state in which the power supply switch is opened, the power supply relay is energized and a microprocessor starts to operate and continues to energize the power supply relay by generating a self-hold command output, and opens a filler lid as a safety door after performing decompression processing control of a fuel tank. Then, the filler cap is opened and a refuel operation is performed manually. Thereafter, the microprocessor stops the self-hold command output when the filler cap and the filler lid are closed or a predetermined time has elapsed.

Abstract: A first output voltage of a constant-voltage power supply is applied as a reference voltage of a multi-channel A-to-D converter and a monitor signal obtained by smoothing the first output voltage by a first power-supply filter is inputted as an input signal voltage. A micro-processor periodically writes digital conversion data of the monitor signal into shift registers to calculate a maximum deviation using a maximum value and a minimum value of the latest predetermined number of data, and determines a power-supply abnormality when the maximum deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Even when, due to an abnormal decrease in the battery voltage, an engine control apparatus is inoperative, an engine can safely be started. Based on gearshift lever selection position information generated by a gearshift sensor (109A), a first detection circuit (194) generates a first detection signal PS1 when the gearshift lever is in the neutral position or in the parking position; a microprocessor (110A) is provided with a second detection means that generated a second detection signal PS2 when the gearshift lever is in the neutral position or in the parking position. Even when, due to an abnormal decrease in the voltage of a vehicle battery, the microprocessor (110A) is inoperative, by ascertaining through the first detection signal PS1 that the vehicle is in a state of not being driven, the engine can be started by means of a starting switch.

Abstract: An in-vehicle electronic control unit is fed via a power supply relay energized when a power supply switch is closed while the vehicle is in motion. When a filler lid open command switch is closed in a vehicle stop state in which the power supply switch is opened, the power supply relay is energized and a microprocessor starts to operate and continues to energize the power supply relay by generating a self-hold command output, and opens a filler lid as a safety door after performing decompression processing control of a fuel tank. Then, the filler cap is opened and a refuel operation is performed manually. Thereafter, the microprocessor stops the self-hold command output when the filler cap and the filler lid are closed or a predetermined time has elapsed.

Abstract: The on-vehicle electronic control device includes a main power supply circuit fed with power from an on-vehicle battery through an output contact of a power supply relay and a main power supply terminal of a connector to supply a stabilized control voltage to a microprocessor. When contact failure occurs in the main power supply terminal, the main power supply circuit is fed with bypass power from the output contact through a first electrical load and a commutation diode to perform the one of the report of the abnormality and the storage of the abnormality occurrence history information. A bypass power fed state is detected when an input voltage to the main power supply circuit is lower than a power supply voltage of the on-vehicle battery.

Abstract: Even when, due to an abnormal decrease in the battery voltage, an engine control apparatus is inoperative, an engine can safely be started. Based on gearshift lever selection position information generated by a gearshift sensor (109A), a first detection circuit (194) generates a first detection signal PS1 when the gearshift lever is in the neutral position or in the parking position; a microprocessor (110A) is provided with a second detection means that generated a second detection signal PS2 when the gearshift lever is in the neutral position or in the parking position. Even when, due to an abnormal decrease in the voltage of a vehicle battery, the microprocessor (110A) is inoperative, by ascertaining through the first detection signal PS1 that the vehicle is in a state of not being driven, the engine can be started by means of a starting switch.

Abstract: The on-vehicle electronic control device includes a main power supply circuit fed with power from an on-vehicle battery through an output contact of a power supply relay and a main power supply terminal of a connector to supply a stabilized control voltage to a microprocessor. When contact failure occurs in the main power supply terminal, the main power supply circuit is fed with bypass power from the output contact through a first electrical load and a commutation diode to perform the one of the report of the abnormality and the storage of the abnormality occurrence history information. A bypass power fed state is detected when an input voltage to the main power supply circuit is lower than a power supply voltage of the on-vehicle battery.

Abstract: Chamfering C1 is performed along the edge of a notch groove by the center 01 of a grindstone 5. Change to grindstone center 02 is performed to perform chamfering C2 along the edge of the notch groove. Similarly, chamfering C3, C4 and C5 are formed. A grindstone having a large diameter can be employed. Only control of the diameter of the grindstone is required to maintain the shape. Satisfactory surface roughness can be realized. It is possible to improve surface roughness of a notch groove of a wafer and realize high efficiency.

Abstract: A workpiece 23 formed of a circular thin plate is rotated about its center as an axis L1. Each of disk-shaped rotating grinding wheels 27 and 28, while being rotated about an axis L3 extending in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the workpiece 23 and perpendicular to the radial direction of the workpiece 23, is made to undergo relative feeding movement on both obverse and reverse surface sides of the workpiece 23 along an outer peripheral edge portion 23a of the workpiece 23. Consequently, the outer peripheral edge portion 23a of the workpiece 23 is ground by an outer peripheral surface of each of the rotating grinding wheels 27 and 28. In this case, it is preferred that two grinding wheels 27 and 28 for rough grinding and finish grinding be provided as the disk-shaped rotating grinding wheels, and that rough grinding and finish grinding are performed by the same station.

Abstract: A water turbine used in river water which is comparatively rich in soil and sand particles. In order to improve the resistance to erosion due to cavitation, as well as erosion caused by mechanical action of the soil and sand particles, a water contactable portion of the water turbine, in particular a portion of each moving blade which tends to be eroded is formed of a stainless steel containing 0.07 to 0.2 wt % of C, not more than 2 wt % of Si, 7 to 15 wt % of Mn, 1 to 7 wt % of Ni, 10 to 25 wt % of Cr, 0.1 to 3 wt % of W, and the balance substantially Fe and inevitably accompanying impurities.