Abstract: Disclosed is a polysilicon film adapted for use in a liquid crystal display, and method of manufacturing such film. In manufacturing the film, a native oxide layer formed on a surface of an amorphous silicon film is completely removed by a hydrofluoric acid solution, followed by immersing in an H2O2 solution to newly form an extremely thin oxide layer, prior to a crystallizing processing performed by a laser beam irradiation. The crystallizing processing forms a polysilicon film formed of crystal grains Preferentially oriented on the (111) plane in a direction parallel to the substrate surface, an average crystal grain size being not larger than 300 nm, the standard deviation of the grain sizes being not larger than 30% of the average grain size, and the standard deviation of the roughness being not larger than 10% of the average grain size.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel region having a plurality of pixels and a peripheral circuit region disposed at a periphery of the pixel region for driving the pixels. The peripheral circuit region includes transistors fabricated from polycrystalline semiconductor and having a semiconductor crystalline grain of a first kind in a channel region thereof, wherein a grain size of the semiconductor crystalline grain of the first kind is at least 3 &mgr;m. The pixel region includes transistors fabricated from polycrystalline semiconductor and having a semiconductor crystalline grain of a second kind in a channel region thereof, wherein a grain size of the semiconductor crystalline grain of the second kind is at least 0.05 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel region having a plurality of pixels and a peripheral circuit region disposed at a periphery of the pixel region for driving the pixels. The peripheral circuit region includes transistors fabricated from polycrystalline semiconductor and having a semiconductor crystalline grain of a first kind in a channel region thereof, wherein a grain size of the semiconductor crystalline grain of the first kind is at least 3 &mgr;m. The pixel region includes transistors fabricated from polycrystalline semiconductor and having a semiconductor crystalline grain of a second kind in a channel region thereof, wherein a grain size of the semiconductor crystalline grain of the second kind is at least 0.05 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a thin film transistor including an insulating substrate, an island made of a polycrystalline semiconductor material and disposed on the insulating substrate, a conductive layer made of the polycrystalline semiconductor material and at least one of metals and metallic silicides and surrounding the island, a source region and a drain region spaced from the source region, the source region and the drain region being formed in said island, a gate electrode disposed on the island with an insulating film interposed between the island and the gate electrode, the gate facing a spacing between the source region and the drain region.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head comprising a plurality of discharge openings for discharging ink, a plurality of liquid passageways for holding ink and a plurality of heat generating members. Each of the heat generating members corresponds to a liquid passageway for providing thermal energy to the ink in the liquid passageway for abruptly forming a bubble for discharging ink from the discharge opening. Each heat generating member has a pair of electrodes for driving the heat generating member individually and the electrodes and corresponding heat generating member form a U-shaped wiring portion. The recording head may be manufactured using a cutting process.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus comprises actuating portions and lead electrodes for conducting current. The lead electrodes are wired in such a manner that a conductive member is disposed on a surface which is at a side where the ink droplets are ejected and said conductive member is a part of said lead electrode, or one actuating portion is provided with a plurality of lead electrodes, and these lead electrodes are led, substantially in parallel, to terminals which are located at a side opposite to the ejection port with respect to the actuating portion, or one chamber is provided with a plurality of actuating portions which are separated from one another, and lead electrodes connected to the actuating portions are led, substantially in parallel, to terminals which are located at a side opposite to the ejection port with respect to the actuating portion, or the actuating portion is disposed on a conductive member intervened with an insulating layer and the conductive member is a part of the lead electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing a recording head for ejecting a recording liquid in an action chamber from an orifice connected with said action chamber in a state of small droplets and depositing at least a part of said droplets onto a recording surface to achieve recording, said method comprising a step X of forming a member a provided with a perforation for constituting said action chamber, a step Y of adjoining an end aperture of said perforation to another member b constituting an intermediate supply chamber of said liquid, and a step Z of attaching to said member c another member c for forming a slit in the vicinity of the other end aperture of said perforation.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method which comprises contacting or bringing closer an electro-thermal transducer with or to a recording liquid in an operating chamber having a discharge orifice, introducing into the electrothermal transducer an input pulse signal with its pulse width being in a range of from 0.1 .mu.sec. to 500 .mu.sec., said input pulse signal being introduced in such a manner that its input cycle becomes at least three times as large as said pulse width, discharging and sputtering said recording liquid from said discharge orifice in the form of fine droplet in accordance with operating force developed within said operating chamber, and effecting image recording on the surface of a recording medium with the liquid droplets.

Abstract: A liquid jet recording method capable of recording gradation comprises (a) filling with a liquid a conduit having, at the end, an orifice for ejecting and projecting a liquid droplet to a predetermined direction, said conduit being provided with a heat actuating portion generating a force for ejecting the liquid droplet by applying heat energy to the liquid to cause an abrupt state change, the heat actuating portion including an electrothermal transducer having a heat generating portion which has such a structure that the degree of heat supply is different from position to position on the heating surface, and (b) controlling the strength of an input electric signal corresponding to the gradation of an image to be recorded, thereby controlling the distribution of degree of heat supplying at the heating surface.

Abstract: A liquid droplet ejecting recording head comprises liquid ejecting portion including an orifice for ejecting liquid droplets and a heat actuating portion communicated with the orifice, and an electrothermal transducer as a means for generating heat energy, the heat energy acting on the liquid at the heat actuating portion for ejecting liquid droplets, characterized in that the part contacting the liquid of the heat actuating portion is made of a material whose .DELTA.W is not more than one-tenth of 1 mg/cm.sup.2 where .DELTA.W is a decrement weight of the material per unit area in mg/cm.sup.2 at a time "t", when subjected to a weight decreasing test, the "t" being a time at which .DELTA.W(Al) is 1 mg/cm.sup.2 where .DELTA.W(Al) is a decrement weight of an aluminum plate of 99.9% in purity per unit area of the tested surface when subjected to the weight decreasing test.

Abstract: A liquid droplet forming apparatus is improved by selecting particular conditions concerning total opening area of communicating ports, an area of the region having the communicating ports; various lengths in the direction along the axis of the actuating chamber; and volumes of various portions in the actuating chambers and the common liquid chamber.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus for ejecting a recording liquid in the form of droplets from an orifice connecting to a chamber containing said liquid and depositing at least of said droplets onto a recording material to perform recording, comprising a liquid intake means in the vicinity of said orifice.

Abstract: An image display device comprises a cell container, at least a pair of electrodes, an electrically responsive electrochromic medium accommodated in said cell container, said electrochromic medium comprising a complexon, Fe.sup.2+ ion and at least one metal ion other than Fe.sup.2+ ion.