Abstract: The present invention proposes a method of and system for continuously processing liquid material by which enzymes in the liquid material are inactivated and the liquid material is sterilized effectively. In one example of the system according to the present invention, a liquid material is introduced into a processing chamber 11 from an introduction port at the bottom, and liquefied carbon dioxide formed into micro-particles by a filter 16 is also introduced in the chamber 11. The micro-particles of liquefied carbon dioxide dissolves into the liquid material efficiently. The liquid material taken out from a take-out port 18 is introduced into a warming pipe 20 kept at such a preset temperature and pressure where the carbon dioxide turns to a supercritical fluid. After that, the liquid material is introduced through a pressure control valve 24 into a pressure-reducing chamber 24. The carbon dioxide rapidly changes from supercritical fluid to gas, and vaporizes from the liquid material.

Abstract: In a computed tomograph wherein an object to be examined is scanned with a beam of light in a scanning plane and a photodetector receives the light transmitted through the object so that a tomographic image of the object is obtained, there is provided a holder for holding the object in the scanning plane, which comprises two separate portions arranged at the opposite sides of the scanning plane, each of the two separate portions having a supporting surface at substantially the same level for supporting at least a portion of the object being examined.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer comprising means for producing electrical signals Er and Es corresponding to reference and measuring beams, respectively; means for multiplying the value Es by a factor k to produce an electrical signal corresponding to the value kEs; means for controlling said signal producing means so as to keep the value (Er + kEs) constant; and means for producing an electrical signal corresponding to the value (Er - kEs), whereby minute changes of the absorbance of a sample can be accurately measured without logarithmic conversion.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer which comprises a monochromator, a pair of cells to which the light from the monochromator is projected, means for converting the light from the cells into corresponding electrical signals, means for comparing the electrical signals to produce an output, means for magnetically recording the output from the comparing means, means connected to the output of the comparing means to perform predetermined arithmetic operations thereon, and means for recording the output from the last-mentioned means, whereby various types of spectra of substances such as derivative spectra, difference spectra and the derivatives thereof can easily be obtained.