Abstract: Provided is a multilayer ceramic capacitor including an element body having a multilayer body in which dielectric layers formed of a dielectric ceramic and internal electrodes containing a metal as a main component are stacked, and a protective portion that covers a surface of the multilayer body, and an external electrode that is disposed on a surface of the element body and is electrically connected to the internal electrodes, the external electrode having a conductor portion formed of a metal containing copper as a main component element and a ceramic portion formed of a ceramic material having composition similar to composition of the dielectric ceramic. A bending ceramic portion that is disposed to penetrate between a surface in contact with the element body in the conductor portion and a surface opposed to the surface and in which a path of the penetration bends is included in the ceramic portion.

Abstract: A vessel according to the present invention is made of a transparent or translucent material and includes a main portion and end portions which are integrated into the main portion, respectively. At least a central area of the main portion has a thickness smaller than at the respective end portions and at the boundary areas of the respective end portions and the main portion. The inner diameter of the respective end portions is not more than about 2 mm.

Abstract: A discharge vessel or chamber for a high-intensity discharge lamp is provided, including a central body having a discharge space provided therein, two capillaries closing off respective end openings of the central body and an electrode positioned within each respective one of the capillaries. The central body and the capillaries comprise an alumina material or an alumina-based ceramic material. An average diameter of alumina grains in the central body is greater than an average diameter of alumina grains in the capillaries, and the average diameter of alumina grains in the capillaries is in a range of 10 ?m to 25 ?m.

Abstract: A light emitting element comprises a housing formed by allowing respective first principal surfaces of a rectangular upper housing member made of glass material and having a recess at a central portion on its first principal surface and a rectangular lower housing member made of glass material and having a recess at a central portion on its first principal surface as well to make contact with each other so that they are thermally glued by pressing under a pressure in a predetermined atmosphere; a cavity formed by the respective recesses in the housing and enclosed with at least one of a gas and a light emitting substance; and two lead wires confronted with each other with the cavity interposed therebetween. Accordingly, it is possible to simultaneously realize the integration and the miniaturization of the electronic tube and present the display expression for information transmission at a high brightness.

Abstract: An arc tube is formed by polycrystalline alumina so that an average crystal grain diameter of a surface is two to ten times as large as an average crystal grain diameter of an inside including a center line of a thickness and the average crystal grain diameter on the center portion of the thickness is 10 &mgr;m to 100 &mgr;m. As a result, in the arc tube, the total transmittance is 98%, and a linear ray transmittance is 5%.

Abstract: A vessel according to the present invention is made of a transparent or translucent material and includes a main portion and end portions which are integrated into the main portion, respectively. At least a center area of the main portion has a thickness smaller than at the respective end portions and at the boundary areas of the respective end portions and the main portion. The inner diameter of the respective end portions is not more than about 2 mm.

Abstract: A vessel according to the present invention is made of a transparent or translucent material and includes a main portion and end portions which are integrated into the main portion, respectively. At least a central area of the main portion has a thickness smaller than at the respective end portions and at the boundary areas of the respective end portions and the main portion. The inner diameter of the respective end portions is not more than about 2 mm.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp comprises a vessel made of a non-conductive material which forms an inner space filled with an ionizable light-emitting material and a starting gas. The vessel has an opening portion at one end thereof. A tubular member is arranged at the opening portion of the vessel and has an outer diameter which is substantially the same as an inner diameter of the first opening portion. An electrode unit is inserted into the tubular member and has an outer diameter which is smaller than an inner diameter of the tubular member. A stopper is arranged between the tubular member and the electrode unit and has an outer diameter which is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the tubular member. The stopper has a hole into which the electrode unit is inserted. A frit seal is filled in a gap which is formed by the tubular member, the stopper and the electrode unit. The stopper defines an inner end position of the frit seal in the tubular member.

Abstract: An arc tube is formed by polycrystalline alumina so that an average crystal grain diameter of a surface is two to ten times as large as an average crystal grain diameter of an inside including a center line of a thickness and the average crystal grain diameter on the center portion of the thickness is 10 &mgr;m to 100 &mgr;m. As a result, in the arc tube, the total transmittance is 98%, and a linear ray transmittance is 5%.

Abstract: A light emission display having a housing including at least two glass members thermally glued to one another at a predetermined atmospheric pressure to form a plurality of cavities inside the housing, and at least one of a gas and a light emitting substance contained within the cavities. Electrodes are located between the glass members and protrude into each cavity in only a coplanar manner with respect to a main surface of one of the glass members. An input signal is supplied to the electrodes resulting in selective light emission from the cavities.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp comprising a ceramic discharge tube having an inner space filled with an ionizable light-emitting material and a starting gas, plugging members each at least partially fixed to an inner side of respective one of end portions of the ceramic discharge tube and each having a through-hole provided therein, conductive members inserted into or through the through-holes of the plugging members, respectively, and electrode units provided in said inner space, wherein a material of the plugging members is the same as that of the ceramic discharge tube, and each of the plugging members is gas-tightly joined to the corresponding conductive member with a metallizing layer.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp comprising a ceramic discharge tube having an inner space filled with an ionizable light-emitting material and a starting gas, plugging members each at least partially fixed to an inner side of respective one of end portions of the ceramic discharge tube and each having a through-hole provided therein, conductive members inserted into or through the through-holes of the plugging members, respectively, and electrode units provided in said inner space, wherein a material of the plugging members is the same as that of the ceramic discharge tube, and each of the plugging members is gas-tightly joined to the corresponding conductive member with a metallizing layer.

Abstract: A process to produce a ceramic tube for a metallic halide lamp, comprising the steps of forming an integrally molded body composed of an electrode member-inserting portion and an annular portion located around an outer periphery of the electrode member-inserting portion, inserting the annular portion of the integrally molded body into an open end portion of a molded cylindrical tubular body in a state that each of the integrally molded body and the molded tubular body is used as molded or after being calcined, thereby forming an assembled body, and firing the assembled body, thereby forming an integrally fired body composed of the electrode member-inserting portion and the annular portion, whereas the annular portion and the tubular body are sintered to each other by firing in a state that radial press fitting forces act between the annular portion and the tubular body, the ceramic tube being constituted by the cylindrical tubular body containing a discharging space with open end portions at both ends thereof

Abstract: A passage tube including a ceramic tube body through which plasma producing gas passes and is irradiated from outside the ceramic tube body with ultraviolet rays, and a ceramic flange member joined to an outer peripheral surface of the ceramic tube body, is manufactured by forming calcined bodies for the passage tube body and flange member, machining the calcined body for the tube body so as to form a first portion and a second portion having an outer diameter larger than that of the first portion, joining the calcined body for the flange member to a stepped region between the first portion and the second portion and sintering them.

Abstract: A gas tube for passing plasma generating gases, having high UV transmittance and corrosion resistance against corrosive gases is disclosed. The tube is composed of a longitudinally extended throughhole and a thin circumferential wall and is provided with a means for radiating UV rays directed to an upstream portion thereof from outside. The wall is formed of a light-pervious alumina ceramic, and has a center-line mean roughness (R.sub.a) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m in a portion exposed to gas plasma.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ceramic multi-layer wiring board comprising a multi-layer wiring board having a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of refractory metal layers, which are alternately formed, the end portion of the outermost insulating layer among the insulating layers being covered with the outermost refractory metal layer among the refractory metal layers, an oxidation-resistant barrier layer formed on the outermost refractory metal layer, and a thick film conductor formed on the outermost insulating layer and the oxidation-resistant barrier layer. In this structure, since the end portion of the outermost insulating layer is covered with the oxidation-resistant barrier layer, defects do not appear in the end portion and the inner conductor layers are not oxidized even in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere.