Abstract: An electrode package includes an electrode pad to be attached to a subject, the electrode pad having a gel layer, a lead wire having one end electrically coupled to the gel layer, and a packaging cover having an opening portion, the opening portion being sealed such that the electrode pad and a part of the lead wire are housed inside the packaging cover. A sealing width in at least a part of a section where the packaging cover is sealed together with the lead wire is narrower than a sealing width in a section where only the packaging cover is sealed. A sealing apparatus is configured to seal the packaging cover.

Abstract: An electrode package includes an electrode pad to be attached to a subject, the electrode pad having a gel layer, a lead wire having one end electrically coupled to the gel layer, and a packaging cover having an opening portion, the opening portion being sealed such that the electrode pad and a part of the lead wire are housed inside the packaging cover. A sealing width in at least a part of a section where the packaging cover is sealed together with the lead wire is narrower than a sealing width in a section where only the packaging cover is sealed. A sealing apparatus is configured to seal the packaging cover.

Abstract: A defibrillation pad for a defibrillator, includes: a pair of electrode pads (10) each including a gel portion (12); lead wires (21, 22); a pair of nonconductive release liners (30A, 30B) each detachably stuck to the corresponding gel portion (12) and each having a through hole (32A, 32B) opposed to the corresponding gel portion; and a connecting member (40) comprising an electric connecting pattern (41) having a predetermined electrical resistance, wherein the pair of gel portions (12), each of which is exposed from the corresponding through hole (32A, 32B), are electrically connected to each other through the electric connecting pattern (41) in a state where each of the pair of release liners (30A, 30B) are stuck to the corresponding gel portion. The connecting member (40) has a cut region (45) by which the pair of gel portions are electrically disconnected to each other when the pair of electrode pads are stuck to a living body.

Abstract: An electrode package includes an electrode pad to be attached to a subject, the electrode pad having a gel layer, a lead wire having one end electrically coupled to the gel layer, and a packaging cover having an opening portion, the opening portion being sealed such that the electrode pad and a part of the lead wire are housed inside the packaging cover. A sealing width in at least a part of a section where the packaging cover is sealed together with the lead wire is narrower than a sealing width in a section where only the packaging cover is sealed. A sealing apparatus is configured to seal the packaging cover.

Abstract: A defibrillation pad for a defibrillator, includes: a pair of electrode pads (10) each including a gel portion (12); lead wires (21, 22); a pair of nonconductive release liners (30A, 30B) each detachably stuck to the corresponding gel portion (12) and each having a through hole (32A, 32B) opposed to the corresponding gel portion; and a connecting member (40) comprising an electric connecting pattern (41) having a predetermined electrical resistance, wherein the pair of gel portions (12), each of which is exposed from the corresponding through hole (32A, 32B), are electrically connected to each other through the electric connecting pattern (41) in a state where each of the pair of release liners (30A, 30B) are stuck to the corresponding gel portion. The connecting member (40) has a cut region (45) by which the pair of gel portions are electrically disconnected to each other when the pair of electrode pads are stuck to a living body.

Abstract: An electrode pad includes: a conductor layer; and an adhesive gel layer which is stacked on one surface of the conductor layer, the adhesive gel layer which contains 0.1 wt % or more of SnCl2.2H2O, and which has a pH of 3 to 6. The conductor layer may a conductive metal layer. The conductor layer may include a tin foil.

Abstract: An electrode pad includes: a conductor layer; and an adhesive gel layer which is stacked on one surface of the conductor layer, the adhesive gel layer which contains 0.1 wt % or more of SnCl2.2H2O, and which has a pH of 3 to 6. The conductor layer may a conductive metal layer. The conductor layer may include a tin foil.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry includes: irradiating living tissue with a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths; receiving the light beams transmitted through or reflected from the living tissue and converting the received light beams to electric signals which correspond to the different wavelengths; time-segmenting time series data of the electric signals; calculating, with respect to each of the segmented time series data of the electric signals, a slope value of a regression line between each two of the electric signals; calculating SaO2 based on the slope value of each of the segmented time series data of the electric signals; constructing a histogram of SaO2 for each predetermined number of time segments; and obtaining a mode value from the histogram as SpO2 to be output of the pulse oximetry.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry includes: irradiating living tissue with a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths; receiving the light beams transmitted through or reflected from the living tissue and converting the received light beams to electric signals which correspond to the different wavelengths; time-segmenting time series data of the electric signals; calculating, with respect to each of the segmented time series data of the electric signals, a slope value of a regression line between each two of the electric signals; calculating SaO2 based on the slope value of each of the segmented time series data of the electric signals; constructing a histogram of SaO2 for each predetermined number of time segments; and obtaining a mode value from the histogram as SpO2 to be output of the pulse oximetry.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry includes: irradiating living tissue with a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths; receiving the light beams transmitted through or reflected from the living tissue and converting the received light beams to electric signals which correspond to the different wavelengths; time-segmenting time series data of the electric signals; calculating, with respect to each of the segmented time series data of the electric signals, a slope value of a regression line between each two of the electric signals; calculating SaO2 based on the slope value of each of the segmented time series data of the electric signals; constructing a histogram of SaO2 for each predetermined number of time segments; and obtaining a mode value from the histogram as SpO2 to be output of the pulse oximetry.

Abstract: A probe 1 includes a light irradiating device 2 and a light receiving device 3, which are oppositely disposed sandwiching living tissue 10. The light irradiating device 2 includes a light source 5 and a scattering plate 6 located in front of the light source 5. The light receiving device 3 includes a photo diode 8 and a light scattering portion. With such an arrangement, of the attenuation of the living tissue 10, non-absorbing attenuation is free from the wavelength. A ratio of absorbing attenuation and a thickness of a blood layer is not affected by a thickness of living tissue. Further, the absorbing attenuation is not dependent on a depth of the blood layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining concentrations of hemoglobins includes a light source for emitting lights of at least three different wavelengths, a first wavelength in a near-infrared region, a second wavelength in a red region, and a third wavelength in a red orange region, light receiving device for receiving light emitted by the light source, transmitted through a living tissue or reflected by the living tissue, attenuation ratio processing device for processing attenuation ratios between the wavelengths in accordance with variations of received-light output signals in each of the wavelengths output from the light receiving device, the variations are caused by a pulsation of blood and concentration ratio processing device for processing concentration ratios of at least oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin based on the output signals from the attenuation ratio processing device.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining concentrations of hemoglobins includes a light source for emitting lights of at least three different wavelengths, a first wavelength in a near-infrared region, a second wavelength in a red region, and a third wavelength in a red orange region, light receiving device for receiving light emitted by the light source, transmitted through a living tissue or reflected by the living tissue, attenuation ratio processing device for processing attenuation ratios between the wavelengths in accordance with variations of received-light output signals in each of the wavelengths output from the light receiving device, the variations are caused by a pulsation of blood and concentration ratio processing device for processing concentration ratios of at least oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin based on the output signals from the attenuation ratio processing device.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining concentrations of hemoglobins additionally uses a light source 3 which emits light of a third wavelength in an orangy red wavelength region of 590 to 660 nm. The apparatus includes light receiving means 6 for receiving lights that are emitted by the light sources and transmitted through or reflected by a living tissue, attenuation ratio processing means 15 for processing attenuation ratios &PHgr; on the wavelengths based on variations of signals associated with the wavelengths output from the light receiving means, which variations are caused by a pulsation of blood, and concentration ratio processing means 16 for processing concentration ratios of at least oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin based on the output signals from the attenuation ratio processing means. The apparatus thus constructed can properly measure carboxyhemoglobin COHb, and present its concentration display and an alarm display in a simple manner, which is clinically effective.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining concentrations of hemoglobins additionally uses a light source 3 which emits light of a third wavelength in an orangy red wavelength region of 590 to 660 nm. The apparatus includes light receiving means 6 for receiving lights that are emitted by the light sources and transmitted through or reflected by a living tissue, attenuation ratio processing means 15 for processing attenuation ratios &PHgr; on the wavelengths based on variations of signals associated with the wavelengths output from the light receiving means, which variations are caused by a pulsation of blood, and concentration ratio processing means 16 for processing concentration ratios of at least oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin based on the output signals from the attenuation ratio processing means. The apparatus thus constructed can properly measure carboxyhemoglobin COHb, and present its concentration display and an alarm display in a simple manner, which is clinically effective.

Abstract: Irradiating device 3 of a pulse oximeter includes a scattering plate 6. Scattering light is projected into a living tissue. The diameter of the incident area is sufficiently large compared with that of a light receiving area or vice versa. Therefore, tissue terms in a theoretical formula of &PHgr; which represents a ratio of changes of optical densities of tissue measured with two wavelengths are not dependent on the wavelength. The digital processor 10 calculates an oxygen saturation by substituting &PHgr; measured into simultaneous equations.

Abstract: Using the principle of pulse oximetry, the relationship between the logarithm of dye density and the passage of time is obtained to determine a regression line for the linear portion of the relationship; an intial dye density in the blood is determined for the point of time that defines the mean transit time for the initial circulation of the injected dye on the regression line; and the circulating blood volume is calculated from the thus determined initial dye density.

Abstract: Light beams of different wavelengths, emitted from a light generating device, are transmitted through a living tissue. The transmitted light beams are converted into electrical signals by a photoelectric transducing device. A pulsation calculating device calculates a pulsation of an absorbance of tissue of a living tissue for each wavelength on the basis of the output signal of the photoelectric transducing device. By using this, a pulsation ratio calculating device calculates the ratio of the pulsations of the absorbance values. A concentration calculating device puts the output signal of the pulsation ratio calculating device into a formula having a single unknown on the tissue term, which is constructed on the basis of the fact that a predetermined relation is present between the tissue terms of the respective wavelengths, thereby calculating a value of the tissue term and the concentration of light absorbing material in blood.

Abstract: Light of various wavelengths emitted from light sources and transmitted through vital tissues is converted by light sensors and current/voltage transducers, into electric signals. The signals are converted into digital values by an A/D converter. The light source emits light of a wavelength which can be optically absorbed by water. A computer obtains a ratio of variations of the digital values for each wavelength, and calculates the values of tissue terms and the hemoglobin concentration on the basis of the ratios. In the calculation, since tissue terms of the wavelengths have mutual constant relationships, an equation which is prepared so that there exists only one unknown in the tissue terms is used.

Abstract: Using the principle of pulse oximetry, the relationship between the logarithm of dye density and the passage of time is obtained to determine a regression line for the linear portion of the relationship; an intial dye density in the blood is determined for the point of time that defines the mean transit time for the initial circulation of the injected dye on the regression line; and the circulating blood volume is calculated from the thus determined initial dye density.