Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal material or a smectic liquid crystal material which exhibits anti-ferroelectricity, and a transparent material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal material or a smectic liquid crystal material which exhibits anti-ferroelectricity, and a transparent material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal material or a smectic liquid crystal material which exhibits anti-ferroelectricity, and a transparent material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising:a pair of substrates having an electrode arrangement thereon;an orientation control means provided on at least one of said substrates; anda ferroelectric or antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer interposed between said substrates, said liquid crystal layer being uniaxially oriented by virtue of said orientation control means,wherein means for suppressing an orientation control effect of said orientation control means with respect to said liquid crystal layer is provided between said liquid crystal layer and said orientation control means.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device is fabricated by holding a mixture of a liquid crystal material and an uncured resin between a pair of substrates, precipitating the uncured resin from the mixture in the form of columns, and curing the thus precipitated columns of uncured resin. wherein a ultraviolet-curable resin is used as the sealing material and the uncured resin to cure the both by irradiating an ultraviolet radiation thereto. In this manner, the curing of the sealing material and the resin columns can be completed in a single process. Also, in a liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates in which one of them is a light-transmitting substrate, a fabricating process comprises precipitating an uncured resin from a mixture of a liquid crystal material and a resin curable by either or both of ultraviolet radiation and heating, and curing the precipitated resin by irradiating an ultraviolet radiation and heating.

Abstract: A composite film bag 1 for packaging comprises a composite film of a water-insoluble film 2 and a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol film 3 which are adhered to one another to such an extent that the former film 2 can easily be peeled off from the latter film 3 and which are formed into a bag so that the water-insoluble film 2 serves as an outer layer of the bag and the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol film 3 serves as an internal layer thereof. A powdery or liquid agricultural chemical agent 6 is packed in the composite film bag 1 and the opening of the bag is sealed. Upon practical use, the outer water-insoluble film 2 is peeled off to expose the internal film 3 and the internal film 3 as such, while containing the agricultural chemical agent 6, is introduced into water. Thus, the internal film is dissolved in water and in turn the content 6 thereof is released and accordingly dissolved in water. The composite film bag 1 is not broken at all even when it is exposed to a low temperature condition.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal cell, a distance between substrates is fixed to be prevented from increasing without adversely affecting an orientation of liquid crystal material. An adverse effect of undesired charge within a liquid crystal layer is removed to stabilize optical characteristics. A mixture of the liquid crystal material and non-cured resin (i.e., resin forming material and reaction starter) is injected between light-transmissive substrates which form the liquid cell. The non-cured resin is precipitated into the interior of the cell, and the liquid crystal material is orientated. Thereafter, the reaction starter is opened or torn so that the resin is cured to thereby bond the two substrates together with the resin in the form of columns. In this case, the undesired charge within the liquid crystal layer is canceled by the curing effect of the resin concomitant with the opening or tearing of the reaction starter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display using a hydrophobic material as the material of resinous columns to orient the molecules of the liquid crystal parallel to the substrates. A hydrophilic material can also be used as the material of resinous columns to orient the molecules of the liquid crystal vertical to the substrates. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented horizontally by making the surface tension of the orientation film greater than the surface tension of the resinous columns. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented vertically by making the surface tension of the orientation film smaller than the surface tension of the resinous columns. A mixture of a liquid crystal material and an uncured resin is placed in a liquid crystal cell. The uncured resin is precipitated (deposited) out of the mixture. The molecules of the liquid crystal material are oriented. Then, the uncured resin is cured. Thereafter, an aging step for reorienting the molecules of the liquid crystal material is carried out.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved electric connector having pin-terminals press-fit in an "L"-shaped housing. The vertical wall of the housing comprises a first longitudinal support beam and a lateral arrangement of first flexible joints, which are separated by first slits and integrally connected to the first longitudinal support beam. The horizontal floor of the housing comprises a second longitudinal support beam, a lateral arrangement of second flexible joints, which are separated by second slits, and are integrally connected to the second longitudinal support beam and a lateral arrangement of terminal holding sleeves, each sleeve having a terminal receiving aperture. The terminal holding sleeves are integrally connected both to the first joints of the vertical wall and the second joints of the horizontal floor, thus lying therebetween.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising liquid crystal droplets of uniform size without impairing the scattering properties. The present invention realizes a liquid crystal electro-optical device having excellent scattering properties which is achieved by increasing or decreasing the fraction of the organic constituent of the light-transmitting resin material without changing the amount of the liquid crystal and the number and density of the liquid crystal droplets so that the light scattering properties of the device may not be impaired, and thereby controlling the precipitation temperature of the liquid crystal droplets from the mixture to the vicinity of a temperature convenient in the fabrication, so that the solidification temperature of the resin material can be set at the vicinity of that temperature.

Abstract: An electro-optical liquid crystal device comprises a pair of glass substrates, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates, a transparent electrode arrangement formed on inside surfaces of the substrates in order to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer to modulate the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer consists of a number of liquid crystal capsules dispersed in a carrier which includes a dielectric material having a high dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is adjusted by selecting the amount of the dielectric material contained in the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising liquid crystal droplets of uniform size without impairing the scattering properties. The present invention realizes a liquid crystal electro-optical device having excellent scattering properties which is achieved by increasing or decreasing the fraction of the organic constituent of the light-transmitting resin material without changing the amount of the liquid crystal and the number and density of the liquid crystal droplets so that the light scattering properties of the device may not be impaired, and thereby controlling the precipitation temperature of the liquid crystal droplets from the mixture to the vicinity of a temperature convenient in the fabrication, so that the solidification temperature of the resin material can be set at the vicinity of that temperature.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising:a pair of substrates having an electrode arrangement thereon; an orientation control means provided on at least one of said substrates; and a ferroelectric or antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer interposed between said substrates, said liquid crystal layer being uniaxially oriented by virtue of said orientation control means, wherein means for suppressing an orientation control effect of said orientation control means with respect to said liquid crystal layer is provided between said liquid crystal layer and said orientation control means.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a liquid crystal electro-optical device which includes injecting a liquid crystal material or a mixture of a liquid crystal material and an uncured resin material into a liquid crystal cell. The cell preferably includes, at least, a pair of light-transmitting substrates disposed opposed to each other such that the electrodes placed on the inner surfaces thereof face each other, a uniaxial aligning material provided on the inner surface of at least one of the pair of light-transmitting substrates and a sealing material for sealing the margin of the pair of light-transmitting substrates except for a filling hole. The process basically includes the steps of mounting the liquid crystal material or mixture in the vicinity of the filling hole and covering the liquid crystal material or the mixture that is mounted in the vicinity of the filling hole before injection with a sheet-like substance such that the liquid crystal material or the mixture is not covered completely.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display using a hydrophobic material as the material of resinous columns to orient the molecules of the liquid crystal parallel to the substrates. A hydrophilic material can also be used as the material of resinous columns to orient the molecules of the liquid crystal vertical to the substrates. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented horizontally by making the surface tension of the orientation film greater than the surface tension of the resinous columns. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented vertically by making the surface tension of the orientation film smaller than the surface tension of the resinous columns. A mixture of a liquid crystal material and an uncured resin is placed in a liquid crystal cell. The uncured resin is precipitated (deposited) out of the mixture. The molecules of the liquid crystal material are oriented. Then, the uncured resin is cured. Thereafter, an aging step for reorienting the molecules of the liquid crystal material is carried out.

Abstract: An electro-optical device is disclosed. The device comprises a first substrate provided with an electrode and a lead thereon, a second substrate provided with an electrode and a lead thereon, a liquid crystal composition exhibiting ferroelectricity, and a means for orienting the liquid crystal composition at least in its early stage. The liquid crystal composition and the means for orienting the liquid crystal composition at least in its early stage are provided between the first and second substrates, and the product (.DELTA.nd) of the value of the optic anisotropy (.DELTA.n) of the liquid crystal composition and the thickness (d) of the liquid crystal composition is adjusted to 500 to 650 nm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal material or a smectic liquid crystal material which exhibits anti-ferroelectricity, and a transparent material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device improved in contrast ratio by reducing alignment defects of the liquid crystal molecules. The electro-optical device comprises a pair of substrate having a liquid crystal material incorporated therebetween, provided that one of the pair of the substrates having a switching element thereon is thermoplastic. The process for fabricating the liquid crystal electro-optical device comprises subjecting said thermoplastic substrate having thereon the switching element to pressing to accommodate the switching elements in the concave portions of the substrate.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, in the case that a liquid crystal material is injected in a space between a pair of substrates (at least one of the substrates having an alignment film), a liquid crystal mixture of a liquid crystal material and an uncured resin material having a hydrophilicity is injected in the space from an injection inlet formed between the substrates. By the above process, the uncured resin material is remained in the vicinity of the injection inlet, and the space is filled with the liquid crystal material. Subsequently, the resin material is cured to seal the injection inlet. Further, a space between a pair of the substrates is filled with a mixture of the liquid crystal material, the uncured resin material and spacer particles, the liquid crystal material is oriented, the uncured resin material is precipitated from the mixture and cured, and the liquid crystal material and the spacer particles are removed.