Abstract: Disclosed herein is a thermal recording apparatus used, in facsimile machines, printers, etc., comprising a thermal head, a driving circuit and a temperature compensation circuit. The head has heating resistors which, driven by the driving circuit, generate heat by which to thermally record images, characters and other information on a recording medium. The temperature compensation circuit, detecting thermal head temperatures, has a charging-discharging circuit whose output charging-discharging signal varies with the temperature detected. The compensation circuit also comprises a reference signal generation circuit and an output circuit, the reference signal generation circuit outputs a reference signal to the output circuit based on information by which to control the head temperature suitably under various internal and external conditions affecting the head temperature inside and apparatus. The output circuit acquires information on actual head temperatures from the charging-discharging signal.

Abstract: An optical image reading apparatus for photoelectrically reading images formed in at least two colors on a surface of an original having a base color different from the at least two colors, including a first reading device for obtaining a first image signal for each of a multiplicity of reading spots in a predetermined area on the original. The first image signal has two different levels one of which corresponds to the base color and the other of which corresponds to the at least two colors. The apparatus further includes a second reading device for obtaining a second image signal for the each reading spot. The second image signal cooperates with the first image signal to discriminate each of the at least two colors from the other of the at least two colors. Provisions are made for determining whether the levels of the first image signals for all of the multiplicity of reading spots are equal to the above-indicated one level corresponding to the base color, or not.

Abstract: A recording apparatus for recording images in the form of a multiplicity of dots, including a print head having a linear array of dot-forming elements for forming dots along a straight line, a supporting device for supporting a recording medium in facing relation with the print head, a feeding device for feeding the recording medium and the print head relative to each other in a feeding direction which intersects the straight line of dots, and a control device for controlling the dot-forming elements to effect a primary recording operation for recording a plurality of primary lines according to respective sets of primary line data, such that the primary lines are equally spaced from each other in the feeding direction. The control device controls the dot-forming elements to also effect a secondary or supplemental recording operation for recording at least one secondary line between adjacent two lines of the plurality of primary lines, according to secondary line data.

Abstract: A thermal printer for printing on a planar recording medium, by heating and thereby coloring a thermally fusible material on the medium. The printer has a thermal print head having heat-generating elements each of which produces heat in contact with the surface of the recording medium, a feeding device for feeding the print head and the recording medium relative to each other, and an anti-sticking device for moving the print head and the recording medium relative to each other, to thereby prevent the print head and the surface of the recording medium from sticking to each other, when the heated thermally fusible material is solidified.

Abstract: Ethanolamines are prepared by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia, using an apparatus consisting of a reactor (A) comprising a vertical multitube heat exchanger type reaction chamber 20 composed of a shell plate 9, a top tube plate 10a, a bottom tube plate 10b and tubes 11 and including buffer plates 18 within a shell-side space 15; a gas-liquid separating drum 12 located over the top tube plate 10a of the reaction chamber 20; a circulating pipe 14 connecting the gas-liquid separating drum 12 to a bottom space 32 leading to a tube-side space 13 of the reaction chamber 20; an ammonia solution-introducing tube 8 and a plurality of ethylene oxide-introducing tubes 19, which are both provided so as to be opened into the shell-side space 15 of the reaction chamber 20; and a conduit 16 connecting the shell-side space 15 of the reaction chamber 20, the bottom space 32 of the reaction chamber 20 and the gas-liquid separating drum 12 and pressure control valve 17a and valve 17b provided in the path of the cond