Abstract: In a process for preparing alkylene sulfides through the intramolecular dehydration reaction of mercaptoalkanols in a gaseous phase, catalysts are used, which are represented by the formula: M.sub.a X.sub.b Y.sub.c O.sub.d, where M represents at least one element selected from the group of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and thallium; X represents at least one element selected from the group of Al, B, Si and P; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lanthanides, IIIA group, IVA group, VA group, IIIB group, IVB group, VB group and VIB group, excluding an element contained in M or X; O represents oxygen; and a and b are numerical values not equal to 0; b=0.2-100 and c=0-50 when a=1; and d is a numerical value determined according to a, b and c.

Abstract: A method of producing ethylenediamines represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl or ethyl group, which comprises reacting an aziridine compound of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined, with ammonia in the gaseous phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. In another aspect, a method of producing ethylenediamines of the general formula (I), which comprises reacting a reaction product containing an aziridine compound of the general formula (II), obtained by the gaseous phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of an alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR3## wherein X represents the OH group or the NH.sub.2 group, Y represents the NH.sub.2 group when X is the OH group and the OH group when X is the NH.sub.2 group, and R is as defined,in the presence of a catalyst A, with ammonia in the gaseous phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst (catalyst B).

Abstract: A method of producing ethylenediamines represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl or ethyl group, which comprises reacting an aziridine compound of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined, with ammonia in the gaseous phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. In another aspect, a method of producing ethylenediamines f the general formula (I), which comprises reacting a reaction product containing an aziridine compound of the general formula (II), obtained by the gaseous phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of an alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR3## wherein X represents the OH group or the NH.sub.2 group, Y represents the NH.sub.2 group when X is the OH group and the OH group when X is the NH.sub.2 group, and R is as defined, in the presence of a catalyst A, with ammonia in the gaseous phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst (catalyst B).

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for producing an N-substituted aziridine compound by subjecting an N-substituted alkanolamine to a gas-phase catalytic dehydration reaction (the following reaction formula). ##STR1## In the above formula, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently one member of selected from a hydrogen atom and alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms, and X is one member selected from alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, hydroxyalkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms and aminoalkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms.Preferably, the N-substituted aziridine compound is produced at a high yield by subjecting an N-substituted alkanolamine to a gas-phase catalytic dehydration reaction in the presence of a silicon-containing or phosphorus-containing catalyst under the conditions of reaction pressure=5-250 mmHg, reaction temperature=300.degree.-450.degree. C. and space velocity=50-500 hr.sup.-1 (STP).

Abstract: From a methoxy-, tertiary butyl-, or phenoxy-substituted toluene, a corresponding substituted benzaldehyde is obtained by the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of the substituted toluene with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition represented by the formula, V.sub.a X.sub.b Y.sub.c O.sub.d, wherein X stands for at least one element from among Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Tl (with the exception of a case wherein K is used alone), Y for at least one element from among Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Sn, Ce, and Zn, and a, b, c, and d jointly represent an atomic ratio of the relevant elements.

Abstract: A method for regeneration of catalyst which comprises phosphorus and alkali metal element and/or alkaline earth metal element and was deteriorated by use to produce aziridine compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, a methyl group or an ethyl group, by a catalytic vapor-phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined in the formula (II), X is OH or NH.sub.2, and Y is either NH.sub.2 when X is OH or OH when X is NH.sub.2, characterized in that the deteriorated catalyst is contacted with gaseous volatile phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A process for producing an aziridine compound represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, or a methyl or ethyl group, which comprises intramolecularly dehydrating an alkanolamine represented by the following formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined, X is OH or NH.sub.2, and Y is NH.sub.2 when X is OH, and OH when X is NH.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing a cyclic amine represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein each of R and R' is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group and an ethyl group, and n is an integer of 2 to 5, which comprises vapor-phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of an alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R, R' and n are as defined above, said reaction being carried out in the presence of, as a catalyst, an oxide composition represented by the following formulaX.sub.a P.sub.b Y.sub.c O.sub.dwherein X is at least one element selected from transition metal elements of Groups I through VIII, lanthanide elements, actinide elements and elements of Group IIIA in the periodic table, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi, P is phosphorus, Y is at least one element selected from alkali metal elements and alkaline earth metal elements, O is oxygen, the suffixes a, b, c and d are the atomic ratios of the elements X, P, Y and O respectively, and when a=1, b=0.01-6, preferably 0.

Abstract: Catalytic vapor phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of an alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein each of R and R' is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group and an ethyl group, and n is an integer of 2 to 5, to convert it into a cyclic amine represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R, R' and n are as defined above. The catalyst is an oxide composition represented by the following formulaSi.sub.a X.sub.x Y.sub.y O.sub.bwherein Si is silicon, X is at least one element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, Y is at least one element selected from B, Al, Ti, Zr, Sn, Zn and Ce, and O is oxygen; and the suffixes a, x, y and b represent the atomic ratios of the elements Si, X, Y and O respectively, and when a=1, x=0.0005-1 and y=0-1, and b is a value determined by a, x and y.

Abstract: A catalyst for the vapor phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of an alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein each of R and R' is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group and an ethyl group, and n is an integer of 2 to 5,to convert it into a cyclic amine represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R, R' and n are as defined above. The catalyst is an oxide composition represented by the following formulaX.sub.a P.sub.b Y.sub.c O.sub.dwherein X is at least one element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, P is phosphorus, Y is at least one element selected from B, Al, Si, S, Sc, Ti, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi and Th, O is oxygen, the suffixes a, b, c and d represent the atomic ratios of the elements X, P, Y and O, and when a=1, b=0.01-3 and c=0-100, and d is a value determined by a, b and c and the state of bonding of the constituent elements.

Abstract: A method for the production of p-methoxybenzaldehyde by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of p-methoxytoluene, which method comprises cooling and condensing a mixed gas formed by said reaction of oxidation thereby preparing a solution containing p-methoxybenzaldehyde, treating said solution in the presence of at least one alkali selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal compound and an ammonium compound soluble in water and alkaline in nature, and subsequently distilling the resultant treated solution.

Abstract: A catalyst for the vapor phase intramolecular dehydration reaction of an alkanolamine represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein each of R and R' is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group and an ethyl group, and n is an integer of 2 to 5, to convert it into a cyclic amine represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R, R' and n are as defined above. The catalyst is an oxide composition represented by the following formulaX.sub.a P.sub.b Y.sub.c O.sub.dwherein X is at least one element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, P is phosphorus, Y is at least one element selected from B, Al, Si, S, Sc, Ti, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi and Th, O is oxygen, the suffixes a, b, c and d represent the atomic ratios of the elements X, P, Y and O, and when a=1, b=0.01-3 and c=0-100, and d is a value determined by a, b and c and the state of bonding of the constituent elements.

Abstract: A catalyst for vapor-phase hydrogen transfer reaction between a carbonyl compound having an alkenyl or aryl group and a primary or secondary alcohol, said catalyst having a composition represented by the following general formulaMg.sub.a X.sub.b Y.sub.c O.sub.dwherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, iron, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, tin, antimony, lead, bismuth, lanthanum and cerium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals excepting magnesium, O represents oxygen, and a, b, c and d represent the atomic ratios of the individual elements, and when a is 1, b represents a number of 0.01 to 0.5, c represents a number of 0 to 0.5, and d is a number determined by the atomic valences and atomic ratios of the individual elements.

Abstract: A catalyst for the vapor-phase oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, alcohol, saturated aliphatic aldehyde or unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde having 4 carbon atoms, said catalyst comprising a molybdovanadophosphoric acid having X-ray diffraction lines (Cu-K.sub..alpha. radiation) at 2.theta.=about 26.2.degree., about 10.5.degree., about 21.3.degree. and about 30.3.degree. and a crystal structure approximating that of its salt, and said catalyst having the composition represented by the general formulaP.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e O.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst composition having excellent mechanical strength comprising a compound containing a heteropolyacid as a base and whiskers.

Abstract: A catalyst for production of methacrylic acid, said catalyst being molded in a ring-like shape having an outside diameter of 3.0 to 10.0 mm, an inside diameter 0.1 to 0.7 times the outside diameter and a length 0.5 to 2.0 times the outside diameter, said catalyst comprising a catalytically active material having the composition represented by the following general formulaMo.sub.a P.sub.b A.sub.c B.sub.d C.sub.e D.sub.f O.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of unsaturated aldehydes is provided which is represented by the general formulaBi.sub.a W.sub.b Fe.sub.c Mo.sub.d A.sub.e B.sub.f C.sub.g D.sub.h O.sub.xwherein Bi represents bismuth, W represents tungsten, Fe represents iron, Mo represents molybdenum, O represents oxygen, A represents nickel and/or cobalt, B represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and thallium, C represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, boron, antimony, tin, cerium, lead and niobium, D presents at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, zirconium and titanium, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and x represent the atomic ratios of the individual elements, and when d is taken as 12, a=0.1-10.0, b=0.5-10.0 (provided that a/b=0.01-6.0), c=0.1-10.0, e=2.0-20.0, f=0.001-10.0, g=0-10.0, and h=0-30, and x takes a number determined by the atomic valences of the individual elements.

Abstract: A catalyst for the vapor-phase oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, alcohol, saturated aliphatic aldehyde or unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde having 4 carbon atoms, said catalyst comprising a molybdovanadophosphoric acid having X-ray diffraction lines (Cu-K.sub..alpha. radiation) at 2.theta.=about 26.2.degree., about 10.5.degree., about 21.3.degree. and about 30.3.degree. and a crystal structure approximating that of its salt, and said catalyst having the composition represented by the general formulaP.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e O.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing methacrylic acid which comprises carrying out the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of methacrolein with a member selected from the group consisting of air and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a novel catalytic oxide composition of the general formulaY.sub.a X.sub.b P.sub.c Mo.sub.d V.sub.e O.sub.fwherein Y is at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, zirconium, bismuth, antimony and arsenic. X is at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and a, b, c, d, e and f represent the atomic ratios of the several elements; and when d is 12, a is 0-10 and b is 0-10, c is 0.1-10, e is 0.1-10, and f is a value that is determined by the valences and atomic ratios of the several elements, with the proviso that the sum of a plus b is greater than zero.

Abstract: A process for preparing methacrylic acid which comprises carrying out the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of methacrolein with a member selected from the group consisting of air and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a novel catalytic oxide composition of the general formulaY.sub.a X.sub.b P.sub.c Mo.sub.d V.sub.e O.sub.fWherein Y is at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, zirconium, bismuth, antimony and arsenic, X is at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and a, b, c, d, e and f represent the atomic ratios of the several elements; and when d is 12, a is 0-10 and b is 0-10, c is 0.1-10, e is 0.1-10, and f is a value that is determined by the valences and atomic ratios of the several elements, with the proviso that the sum of a plus b is greater than zero.