Abstract: Provided is a pedal force sensor which, in pedal force detection utilizing an elastic body, can detect pedal force over a wide range and reduce detection errors originating from variation in the attachment position or length etc. of the elastic body. Linkage between a drive wheel (30) that is fixed to a crankshaft (14) and a sprocket (50) that transmits rotary force of the crankshaft (14) to a propelling vehicle wheel is effected by a plurality of springs (80 to 90), and furthermore the space between each spring (80 to 90) and compression means thereof is set in such a way that the compression commencement timings of the plurality of springs (80 to 90) are offset. When detecting pedal force from the phase difference of the drive wheel (30) and the sprocket (50), the number of springs that are utilized changes in accordance with the range of the phase difference.

Abstract: A coordinate input device is provided to contribute to improvements in a mechanical mouse, opto-mechanical mouse and the like which are used to control cursor movements in the visual display unit of a computer system. The device comprises a position sensor and a pressure sensor. The position sensor detects a two-dimensional position of the device, which is moved on a flat surface or the like by a person, so as to produce two-dimensional coordinates. The pressure sensor detects a pressing force applied to the device by the person. Hence, the two-dimensional coordinates and the pressing force detected are used as parameters which control a cursor or a graphic image displayed on the screen of the visual display unit. The pressure sensor comprises an air-pressure sensor which detects a change of air pressure caused by the pressing force applied to the device. In addition, the pressure sensor can be replaced by a grip sensor which detects gripping force applied to the device by the person.

Abstract: A coordinate input device is provided to contribute to improvements in a mechanical mouse, opto-mechanical mouse and the like which are used to control cursor movements in the visual display unit of a computer system. The device comprises a position sensor and a pressure sensor. The position sensor detects a two-dimensional position of the device, which is moved on a flat surface or the like by a person, so as to produce two-dimensional coordinates. The pressure sensor detects a pressing force applied to the device by the person. Hence, the two-dimensional coordinates and the pressing force detected are used as parameters which control a cursor or a graphic image displayed on the screen of the visual display unit. The pressure sensor comprises an air-pressure sensor which detects a change of air pressure caused by the pressing force applied to the device. In addition, the pressure sensor can be replaced by a grip sensor which detects a gripping force applied to the device by the person.

Abstract: Tuning apparatus wherein the instantaneous deviations of a measured sound frequency from a reference sound frequency are averaged to display a mean deviation, thereby to improve the stability of the display. As a display unit, preferably a multidigit segment type display unit is used. The deviation data of the sound is visibly indicated as a positional shift of display elements in the display unit. The tuning apparatus can contain a timepiece therein. A reference frequency oscillating source and the display unit are used as constituents common to the tuning apparatus and the timepiece, whereby a timepiece-containing tuning apparatus which is small in size and light in weight is realized.

Abstract: In an auto-steering system for boats and cruisers having, in each of the starboard and port motor drivers, a comparator and a motor driver circuit in series with each other. The level of the reference voltage to be applied to the comparator is adjusted in accordance with changes in the environmental conditions during sailing of the boat in order to selectively raise or lower the control accuracy of the system and, when further required, the drive circuit takes the form of a lowpass filter of a selected time constant so that the system is made irresponsive to the so-called chattering deviation of the boat sailing course. Not only great saving in the power consumption but also remarkable reduction in malfunction of the mechanical and electrical parts while assuring macroscopic following of the boat along the prescribed navigation course.

Abstract: A fundamental frequency detection device generates a fundamental frequency pulse signal having a frequency corresponding to the fundamental frequency of a signal to be tuned. The fundamental frequency pulse signal is converted to a first pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to the fundamental frequency. The pulse width of this first pulse signal is compared with that of a second pulse signal of such a pulse width as to correspond to the frequency of a reference sound signal. A deviation signal expressing the frequency deviation between the signal to be tuned and the reference sound signal is obtained by counting cent value-corresponding pulses during the period corresponding to the difference of the pulse width between the first and second pulse signals.