Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a stack including a plurality of internal electrodes and a plurality of piezoelectric layers stacked on one another, and a surface electrode located on a side surface of the stack and connected to the plurality of internal electrodes. A second electrode illustrated in FIG. 3B includes a first conductor including a strip extending in a longitudinal direction and an extension having one end continuous with the strip and another end exposed on the side surface of the stack and connected to the surface electrode. The piezoelectric element includes a second conductor located between the extension and an opposite portion of the side surface of the stack opposite to a portion of the side surface on which the other end of the extension is exposed.

Abstract: There are provided a piezoelectric actuator having reduced noise caused by the vibration of a piezoelectric element is reduced, a piezoelectric vibration apparatus and a portable terminal. A piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric element which includes a stacked body in which internal electrodes and piezoelectric layers are laminated, and a surface electrode disposed on one main surface of the stacked body so as to be electrically connected to the internal electrodes; and a flexible substrate electrically joined to the surface electrode; and a reinforcing plate fixedly attached to a region of the flexible substrate where the flexible substrate overlaps with the piezoelectric element, the reinforcing plate being provided with a bend portion.

Abstract: There are provided a piezoelectric actuator having reduced noise caused by the vibration of a piezoelectric element is reduced, a piezoelectric vibration apparatus and a portable terminal. A piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric element which includes a stacked body in which internal electrodes and piezoelectric layers are laminated, and a surface electrode disposed on one main surface of the stacked body so as to be electrically connected to the internal electrodes; and a flexible substrate electrically joined to the surface electrode; and a reinforcing plate fixedly attached to a region of the flexible substrate where the flexible substrate overlaps with the piezoelectric element, the reinforcing plate being provided with a bend portion.

Abstract: A school searching method and apparatus obtain an ability characteristic indicating the ability level of a searching student at the present curriculum stage, set a target condition at a target stage of the searching student, and search one or more route schools located at one or more intermediate stages between the present curriculum stage and the target stage, the route school to be searched fitting with the ability characteristic, and forming the target achieving course suitable for the searching student to reach the target condition. The present method and apparatus search, with the target stage as the starting point, in a direction reverse to the curriculum progressive direction, a route school fitting with the ability characteristic and suitable to the condition of the next stage. The desire condition of the searching student is further obtained, and the route school suitable for the desire condition is searched.