Abstract: According to one embodiment, a platooning operation system organizes a platoon by making a plurality of vehicles cooperate. The platooning operation system includes an application acceptance processor and a platoon organization processor. The application acceptance processor accepts an application of a vehicle for admission to the platoon. The platoon organization processor which selects a platoon to which the vehicle is to be admitted or determines possibility of admission of the vehicle to the platoon, based on at least one of information on a driver driving the vehicle and information on the vehicle.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor apparatus composed of a cap and a base, includes: a metal package including a plurality of openings penetrating through the base from outside to inside, a lead with its end portion protruding to the inside of the base and an insulator covering a side surface of the lead being inserted into each of the openings, and the lead being insulated from the base; an insulating film with its backside bonded to the inside of the base; and a semiconductor component placed on the base or on the insulating film. The insulating film covers the opening up to the vicinity of the side surface of the lead.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor apparatus composed of a cap and a base, includes: a metal package including a plurality of openings penetrating through the base from outside to inside, a lead with its end portion protruding to the inside of the base and an insulator covering a side surface of the lead being inserted into each of the openings, and the lead being insulated from the base; an insulating film with its backside bonded to the inside of the base; and a semiconductor component placed on the base or on the insulating film. The insulating film covers the opening up to the vicinity of the side surface of the lead.

Abstract: There is provided an edible dental care article, that is so palatable to the taste of pets, clears residual food in the pet's mouth while chewed by a pet, thereby not only preventing adhesion of plaque and formation of dental calculus but giving a massage to the pet's gum. The edible dental care article for pets is characterized in that a casing material is processed in a thread-like manner, a string-like manner, or a thin-tube-like manner; one of the casing material or a combination of the casing material of several kinds, preferably combined with thread-like other proteins, carbohydrates or lipids, is twisted in a string-like manner; cord-like members are tied into a bundle or twisted together so as to make a rope-like member of a prescribed shape in conformity with the kind or size of a pet, with the twists of the rope-like member being treated so as not to loosen.