Abstract: A method of decreasing the concentration of certain contaminants in liquids by the chemical reduction of the contaminant using a hydride. A suitable reactor is charged with the contaminated liquid. An amount of catalyst and then an amount of hydride are added to the reactor. The hydride reacts with the contaminant in the liquid, chemically reducing and thus destroying a portion of the contaminant and thereby reducing the concentration of the contaminant in the liquid. Additional hydride can be added to further reduce the concentration to meet a desired level.

Abstract: A cylindrical reactor has walls and a base, forming a chamber in which permanently manufactured micelle array nanoparticles may be manufactured. The reactor has a disk impeller inside the chamber which serves to mix reagents in the chamber and a collar which facilitates the mixing process. The reactor is effective to input an amount of energy to the mixed reagents such that particle coagulation is prevented but formation of PCMA nanoparticles is permitted. A method for manufacturing PCMA nanoparticles is disclosed. Reagents, beginning with prepared core particles, are stepwise added to a reactor and mixed. A high sheer mixing unit is used to input an amount of energy to the mixed reagents such that particle coagulation is prevented but formation of PCMA nanoparticles is permitted.