Abstract: One or more microbeams derived from a corresponding number of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are used to manipulate and to transport inorganic and organic objects. The optical tweezing apparatus and method is compact size, and suitable to manipulate multiple objects in an array concurrently, and in parallel.

Abstract: An adaptive alignment technique provides precise control and active positioning in, preferably, two-dimensions of sub-millimeter-sized objects such as, in one application, spherical mircolenses through the application of electrophoretic forces in a microfluidic wells. A lithographically patterned microfluidic well and electrodes can be addressed to position or align a spherical microlens to a corresponding laser light beam. The motion of the microlens is preferably controlled using CMOS compatible voltages (3V–1 ?A) that are preferably applied to opposite electrodes in the microfluidic well, creating an electrical field in a well solution. By applying voltages to opposed electrode pairs, movement of spherical microlenses with sizes ranging from, most typically, 0.87 ?m to 40 ?m in directions parallel to the electrode surface is realized. Under a bias of 3 volts, the microspheres have electrophoretic velocities ranging from 13 to 16 ?m/s.

Abstract: An electrochemical apparatus 1 permits electric-field-assisted fluidic assembly of objects 2 on a patterned silicon substrate 11 by means of electrical addressing. Charged objects 2 such as beads and live cells are moved electrokinetically, like as in electrophoresis, through a solution, typically water 3, towards a micro-patterned charged semiconductor electrode, such as a silicon electrode 11 patterned with silicon dioxide, silicon nitride or agarose gel. The charged objects 2 are thus localized to and assembled, most typically into arrays of multiple or single particles, in accordance with the patterning of the electrode 11. Correlating with theoretical predictions, negatively charged polystyrene beads of 20 ?m diameter, or live mammalian cells of 20-30 ?m diameter, can be assembled and disassembled on 100 ?m feature size micro-patterned substrates by means of electrical addressing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nanoscale heterojunctions and methods of making and using thereof. The heterojunctions comprise at least one carbon nanotube with at least one nanostructure such as a quantum dot connected, immobilized, attached, or affixed thereto. The carbon nanotubes may be single walled, multi-walled, or a combination of both. The nanostructure is preferably a quantum dot such as a ZnS capped CdSe core. The carbon nanotube heterojunctions may be employed in various nanoscale electronics and optoelectronic devices and multilayered systems including light emitting diodes, single electron transistors, spintronic devices, field emission flat panel displays, vacuum microelectronic sources, biosensors, random access memories, spin valves, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are single reactant components immobilized over single electrodes and methods of making and using thereof. Devices, such as biosensors, comprising the single reactant components immobilized over single electrodes are also disclosed. Assays using the single reactant components immobilized over single electrodes are disclosed as well as databases comprising signature pattern vectors for reactant components.

Abstract: One or more microbeams derived from a corresponding number of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are used to manipulate and to transport inorganic and organic objects. The optical tweezing apparatus and method is compact size, and suitable to manipulate multiple objects in an array concurrently, and in parallel.

Abstract: Any of inorganic and bio-organic substances and molecules, and beads, pucks and like small things, that are both (i) electrically charged to a first polarity, and (ii) immersed in a fluid transport medium within (iii) an electrochemical cell, are assembled and patterned by action of moving these inorganic and bio-organic substances and molecules, etc. to a patterned electrode having an opposite, second, polarity under force of an applied electric field. The electrode patterned with conductive areas may be further, separately, patterned with chemicals, for example agarose gel, that chemically accept or reject the substances and molecules, etc., especially as are biological in origin. Living cells of plant, bacterial and animal types may be assembled. A semiconductor electrode may be patterned by masked laser light passed through the other electrode, which is transparent.

Abstract: An adaptive alignment technique provides precise control and active positioning in, preferably, two-dimensions of sub-millimeter-sized objects such as, in one application, spherical mircolenses through the application of electrophoretic forces in a microfluidic wells. A lithographically patterned microfluidic well and electrodes can be addressed to position or align a spherical microlens to a corresponding laser light beam. The motion of the microlens is preferably controlled using CMOS compatible voltages (3V-1 &mgr;A) that are preferably applied to opposite electrodes in the microfluidic well, creating an electrical field in a well solution. By applying voltages to opposed electrode pairs, movement of spherical microlenses with sizes ranging from, most typically, 0.87 &mgr;m to 40 &mgr;m in directions parallel to the electrode surface is realized. Under a bias of 3 volts, the microspheres have electrophoretic velocities ranging from 13 to 16 &mgr;m/s.

Abstract: Any of inorganic and bio-organic substances and molecules, and beads, pucks and like small things, that are both (i) electrically charged to a first polarity, and (ii) immersed in a fluid transport medium within (iii) an electrochemical cell, are assembled and patterned by action of moving these inorganic and bio-organic substances and molecules, etc. to a patterned electrode having an opposite, second, polarity under force of an applied electric field. The electrode patterned with conductive areas may be further, separately, patterned with chemicals, for example agarose gel, that chemically accept or reject the substances and molecules, etc., especially as are biological in origin. Living cells of plant, bacterial and animal types may be assembled. A semiconductor electrode may be patterned by masked laser light passed through the other electrode, which is transparent.