Abstract: A method for producing a renewable base oil from a feedstock of biological origin includes providing a feedstock, the feedstock including: 2-95 wt % of a mixture of free fatty acids; 5-98 wt % fatty acid glycerols selected from mono-glycerides, di-glycerides and tri-glycerides of fatty acids; 0-50 wt % of one or more compounds selected from the list consisting of: fatty acid esters of the non-glycerol type, fatty amides and fatty alcohols; a major part of the feedstock being a mixture of free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerols; subjecting all or part of the feedstock to ketonisation reaction conditions where two free fatty acids react to yield a ketone stream, and subjecting the ketone stream to both hydrodeoxygenation and to hydroisomerisation reaction conditions, to yield a deoxygenated and isomerised base oil product stream containing the renewable base oil.

Abstract: A C31 renewable base oil is disclosed that is suitable as a base oil to provide low viscosity base oils, such as having both low Noack volatility and low CCS-30° C. viscosity and/or to provide low viscosity base oils at the same time having a combination of acceptable HTHS and KV100 to allow the industry's base oil blenders to formulate high quality engine oils, such as SAE grade 0W-20, 0W-16, 0W-12 or 0W-8.

Abstract: A number of different branched hydrocarbon compounds (formula I) having a star-like configuration (S) are prepared from renewable oils containing fatty acids or derivatives containing fatty acids. The branched hydrocarbon compounds may be isolated individually or in mixtures, and may be used as part of base oils, such as renewable base oils (RBOs). A process for preparing the branched hydrocarbon compounds of formula I involve conditions that favour a trimerisation reaction followed by hydrotreating conditions. The compounds of formula I may be made by catalytically treating renewable material in a process, and the compounds have desirable qualities relating to lubrication, cold flow as well as having a low Noack volatility.

Abstract: Hydrotreatment of biological oil is disclosed for producing renewable base oil and a diesel oil from low value biological oils. Low value biological oils containing free fatty acids and fatty acid esters can be processed into a renewable base oil and a renewable diesel oil in an efficient manner by first separating at least part of the free fatty acids from the feedstock and then processing separately this free acid feed in a ketonisation reaction followed by hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerisation reactions to yield a renewable base oil stream. The remaining free fatty acid depleted feed is processed in a separate hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerisation step to yield a renewable diesel stream.

Abstract: A number of different branched hydrocarbon compounds (formula I) having a star-like configuration (S) are prepared from renewable oils containing fatty acids or derivatives containing fatty acids. The branched hydrocarbon compounds may be isolated individually or in mixtures, and may be used as part of base oils, such as renewable base oils (RBOs). A process for preparing the branched hydrocarbon compounds of formula I involve conditions that favour a trimerisation reaction followed by hydrotreating conditions. The compounds of formula I may be made by catalytically treating renewable material in a process, and the compounds have desirable qualities relating to lubrication, cold flow as well as having a low Noack volatility.

Abstract: Hydrotreatment of biological oil is disclosed for producing renewable base oil and a diesel oil from low value biological oils. Low value biological oils containing free fatty acids and fatty acid esters can be processed into a renewable base oil and a renewable diesel oil in an efficient manner by first separating at least part of the free fatty acids from the feedstock and then processing separately this free acid feed in a ketonisation reaction followed by hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerisation reactions to yield a renewable base oil stream. The remaining free fatty acid depleted feed is processed in a separate hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerisation step to yield a renewable diesel stream.

Abstract: A C31 renewable base oil is disclosed that is suitable as a base oil to provide low viscosity base oils, such as having both low Noack volatility and low CCS-30° C. viscosity and/or to provide low viscosity base oils at the same time having a combination of acceptable HTHS and KV100 to allow the industry's base oil blenders to formulate high quality engine oils, such as SAE grade 0W-20, 0W-16, 0W-12 or 0W-8.

Abstract: A method for producing a renewable base oil from a feedstock of biological origin includes providing a feedstock, the feedstock including: 2-95 wt % of a mixture of free fatty acids; 5-98 wt % fatty acid glycerols selected from mono-glycerides, di-glycerides and tri-glycerides of fatty acids; 0-50 wt % of one or more compounds selected from the list consisting of: fatty acid esters of the non-glycerol type, fatty amides and fatty alcohols; a major part of the feedstock being a mixture of free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerols; subjecting all or part of the feedstock to ketonisation reaction conditions where two free fatty acids react to yield a ketone stream, and subjecting the ketone stream to both hydrodeoxygenation and to hydroisomerisation reaction conditions, to yield a deoxygenated and isomerised base oil product stream containing the renewable base oil.

Abstract: A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonization reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonization reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonization reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonisation reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonisation reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonization reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonization reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonization reaction.

Abstract: A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonization reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonization reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonization reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonization reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonization reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonisation reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonisation reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonization reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonization reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of branched saturated hydrocarbons, said method comprising the steps where a feed comprising olefins having at least 10 carbons is simultaneously hydrogenated and isomerized in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 100-400° C., under hydrogen partial pressure of 0.01-10 MPa, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the metals of Group VIIIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, a molecular sieve selected from ten member ring molecular sieves, twelve member ring molecular sieves and mesoporous molecular sieves embedded with zeolite, and a carrier, to yield branched saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonisation reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonisation reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of branched saturated hydrocarbons, said method comprising the steps where a feed comprising olefins having at least 10 carbons is simultaneously hydrogenated and isomerized in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 100-400° C., under hydrogen partial pressure of 0.01-10 MPa, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the metals of Group VIIIb of the Periodic table of Elements, a molecular sieve selected from ten member ring molecular sieves, twelve member ring molecular sieves and mesoporous molecular sieves embedded with zeolite, and a carrier, to yield branched saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A system for accessing at least one Virtual Private Network (VPN) includes a terminal, and can include at least one Security Policy Database (SPD). The terminal is capable of communicating with a VPN client and at least one application. The VPN client, in turn, is capable of defining at least one VPN access point, each VPN access point including an associated physical access point and VPN policy. Thereafter, the VPN client can access at least one VPN based upon the VPN access point(s) to thereby establish at least one data connection from at least one application across the at least one VPN. In addition, the VPN client can be capable of downloading at least one VPN policy from the SPD. A system for managing at least one Virtual Private Network (VPN) policy is also provided, where the VPN polic(ies) are for use in accessing at least one VPN.