Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing dissolved contaminants from an aqueous liquid. The aqueous liquid is contacted with an adsorbent which comprises a finely divided lignocellulosic material, which has been subjected to extraction to remove hemicellulose and/or other components therefrom, to bind at least a portion of the organic compounds to the adsorbent. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for removing or separating dissolved contaminants from a liquid and to a method for producing a liquid containing hemicellulose and/or an adsorbent containing lignin and/or other components. In particular the invention concerns the use of an adsorbent lignocellulosic material for removing dissolved contaminants from a liquid.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing dissolved contaminants from an aqueous liquid. The aqueous liquid is contacted with an adsorbent which comprises a finely divided lignocellulosic material, which has been subjected to extraction to remove hemicellulose and/or other components therefrom, to bind at least a portion of the organic compounds to the adsorbent. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for removing or separating dissolved contaminants from a liquid and to a method for producing a liquid containing hemicellulose and/or an adsorbent containing lignin and/or other components. In particular the invention concerns the use of an adsorbent lignocellulosic material for removing dissolved contaminants from a liquid.

Abstract: A wastewater purification system includes first purification equipment (101) for receiving wastewater and for outputting first time purified wastewater and sludge, and second purification equipment (102) for receiving the first time purified wastewater and for outputting second time purified wastewater and purification residue. The second purification equipment is based on the reverse osmosis and/or nanofiltration technology. The wastewater purification system further includes combustion equipment (103) for burning the sludge so as to produce heat, and dryer equipment (104) for drying the purification residue with the aid of the produced heat. Hence, the sludge produced by the first purification equipment is used for producing heat for drying the purification residue which is produced by the reverse osmosis and/or nanofiltration technology and whose initial water content is so high that it is problematic to be disposed of without drying.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved nanofiltration process for separating and recovering components, such as sugars and sugar alcohols from multicomponent mixtures. The process of the invention is characterized by collecting the nanofiltration retentate/permeate in several fractions with different purity, optional recycling of at least one of the collected nanofiltration retentate/permeate fractions to the nanofiltration and recovering the desired component from the nanofiltration permeate/retentate fractions by different methods. In one embodiment of the invention, the process comprises a combination of nanofiltration and chromatography.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nanofiltration process for enriching and concentrating a neutral organic compound into the permeated liquid with negative retention.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved nanofiltration process of recovering xylose from a solution of a plant-based biomass hydrolysate. The process of the present invention is based on the regulation of the xylose flux in the nanofiltration process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved nanofiltration process for separating and recovering components, such as sugars and sugar alcohols from multicomponent mixtures. The process of the invention is characterized by collecting the nanofiltration retentate/permeate in several fractions with different purity, optional recycling of at least one of the collected nanofiltration retentate/permeate fractions to the nanofiltration and recovering the desired component from the nanofiltration permeate/retentate fractions by different methods. In one embodiment of the invention, the process comprises a combination of nanofiltration and chromatography.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved nanofiltration process of recovering xylose from a solution of a plant-based biomass hydrolysate. The process of the present invention is based on the regulation of the xylose flux in the nanofiltration process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nanofiltration process for enriching and concentrating a neutral organic compound into the permeated liquid with negative retention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of separating compounds with a small molar mass from compounds having a molar mass less than 1.9 times that of the compounds with a small molar mass using nanofiltration. The compounds with a small molar mass have a typical molar mass less than 250 g/mol. In one embodiment of the invention, pentose sugars are separated from hexose sugars. The invention can be applied to the recovery of xylose from spent liquors and to the recovery of betaine from sugar beet pulp extracts, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separation process of fractionating a solution comprising betaine and sucrose by subjecting said solution to chromatographic fractionation and nanofiltration and recovering a fraction enriched in betaine and optionally a fraction enriched in sucrose. The solution to be fractionated in accordance with the present invention is typically a sugar beet-derived solution, for instance a molasses solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of producing a xylose solution from a biomass hydrolysate by subjecting the biomass hydrolysate to nanofiltration and recovering as the nanofiltration permeate a solution enriched in xylose. The biomass hydrolysate used as starting material is typically a spent liquor obtained from a pulping process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of separating compounds with a small molar mass from compounds having a molar mass less than 1.9 times that of the compounds with a small molar mass using nanofiltration. The compounds with a small molar mass have a typical molar mass less than 250 g/mol. In one embodiment of the invention, pentose sugars are separated from hexose sugars. The invention can be applied to the recovery of xylose from spent liquors and to the recovery of betaine from sugar beet pulp extracts, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying a maltose-containing liquor from a undesired impurities, such as maltotriose. The process of the invention is characterized by nanofiltering said liquor and recovering a purified maltose solution as the permeate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separation process of fractionating a solution comprising betaine and sucrose by subjecting said solution to chromatographic fractionation and nanofiltration and recovering a fraction enriched in betaine and optionally a fraction enriched in sucrose. The solution to be fractionated in accordance with the present invention is typically a sugar beet-derived solution, for instance a molasses solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying a maltose-containing liquor from a undesired impurities, such as maltotriose. The process of the invention is characterized by nanofiltering said liquor and recovering a purified maltose solution as the permeate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of producing a xylose solution from a biomass hydrolysate by subjecting the biomass hydrolysate to nanofiltration and recovering as the nanofiltration permeate a solution enriched in xylose. The biomass hydrolysate used as starting material is typically a spent liquor obtained from a pulping process.