Abstract: A nanoparticle for use within a composition for treating tomatoes as well as other agricultural products comprises: (1) a first shell layer comprising a leachant permeable base material in addition to a multi-valent metal (i.e., typically copper) material; and (2) a second shell layer comprising a Quat material. Due to the multi-valent metal material and the Quat, the nanoparticle and the composition provide superior performance when treating tomatoes.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium materials may be immobilized onto a metal oxide nanoparticle to provide a fixed-quat nanoparticle material. A particular example uses a silicon alkoxide as a silicon source material to provide a fixed-quat SiNP/NG material composition through either acidic or basic hydrolysis of the silicon alkoxide material. Particular materials may be characterized spectroscopically to ensure that the desirable materials are properly bound. Specific applications of fixed-quat SiNP/NC material compositions in accordance with the embodiments include, but are not limited to agricultural biocide applications and tobacco smoke selective filtration applications.

Abstract: A nanoparticle for use within a composition for treating tomatoes as well as other agricultural products comprises: (1) a first shell layer comprising a leachant permeable base material in addition to a multi-valent metal (i.e., typically copper) material; and (2) a second shell layer comprising a Quat material. Due to the multi-valent metal material and the Quat, the nanoparticle and the composition provide superior performance when treating tomatoes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to compositions including a copper/silica nanocomposite and a polymer, methods of making a composition, methods of using a composition, and the like. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides for a composition, among others, that includes: a copper/silica nanocomposite having a silica gel matrix that includes copper from one or more of copper nanopartides and copper ions, and a polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylpyrrolidone, poryacrylamide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, starch, a quaternary ammonium compound, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to organo-silica based composite materials, methods of making the organo-silica based composite material, methods of using the organo-silica based composite material, and the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to compositions including a copper/silica nanocomposite and a polymer, methods of making a composition, methods of using a composition, and the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to compositions including a copper/silica nanocomposite and a polymer, methods of making a composition, methods of using a composition, and the like. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides for a composition, among others, that includes: a copper/silica nanocomposite having a silica gel matrix that includes copper from one or more of copper nanopartides and copper ions, and a polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylpyrrolidone, poryacrylamide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, starch, a quaternary ammonium compound, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to organo-silica based composite materials, methods of making the organo-silica based composite material, methods of using the organo-silica based composite material, and the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to compositions including a copper/silica nanocomposite and a polymer, methods of making a composition, methods of using a composition, and the like.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium materials may be immobilized onto a metal oxide nanoparticle to provide a fixed-quat nanoparticle material. A particular example uses a silicon alkoxide as a silicon source material to provide a fixed-quat SiNP/NG material composition through either acidic or basic hydrolysis of the silicon alkoxide material. Particular materials may be characterized spectroscopically to ensure that the desirable materials are properly bound. Specific applications of fixed-quat SiNP/NC material compositions in accordance with the embodiments include, but are not limited to agricultural biocide applications and tobacco smoke selective filtration applications.