Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing, and using techniques for estimating wind velocity. Measurements are obtained, which indicate two or more trajectories traversed by flying balls. Individual wind velocity estimates are determined for the two or more trajectories, wherein the determination comprises comparing a model acceleration of the ball with an observed acceleration of the ball, derived from the measurements. The aggregated wind velocity estimate is calculated as a weighted average of the determined two or more individual wind velocity estimates. The aggregated wind velocity estimate is used for generating ball trajectory information to be presented on an output device.

Abstract: A method includes assessing errors for golf shots using observations by sensor(s), the assessing being in accordance with variations in a location for the sensor(s), and providing a map indicating at least one preferred location for the sensor(s) for use in setting up an object tracking system. Further, a method includes assessing how an estimated error affects identification of an originating location for a golf shot, including projecting a first value of the error back to the originating location and multiplying a second value of the error by a distance to the originating location, and identifying the originating location for the golf shot based on a first effect of the error and a second effect of the error. Finally, a system includes a building including tee areas, targets, and a sensor system including sensor(s), in which a dedicated sensor system is not included for any one of the tee areas.

Abstract: A cutting insert for a milling tool including an upper side having a central surface, a lower side, a peripheral side surface, and a cutting edge formed between the upper side and the peripheral side surface. The cutting edge having a positively inclined main cutting edge projecting at least partly above the central surface. The upper side includes a rake surface extending inside of and along the at least one cutting edge, sloping downward toward the central surface. A plateau, elevated with respect to the central surface and extending along the main cutting edge, is formed inside the rake surface. A transition between the rake surface and the plateau extends at an angle ?2 with respect to an upper extension plane, wherein ?2>0°.

Abstract: A cutting tool including a tool body with an insert seat and an associated clamp pocket, a cutting insert releasably mountable in the insert seat, a clamp received in the clamp pocket and a screw that extends with play through a through hole in the clamp and is engaged in a hole at the bottom of the clamp pocket, is provided. Upon tightening of the screw, the clamp will slide against an inclined guide surface in the slide pocket via a slide surface on the clamp, which will force the clamp to move transversally to the screw shaft towards the cutting insert such that a clamp protrusion on the clamp is moved into a recess in the cutting insert and clamping surfaces on the clamp are pressed tightly against corresponding contact surfaces on the cutting insert.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including determining a golf ball trajectory based on observations by sensor(s), extrapolating the trajectory backward in time, calculating distance measure(s) between the extrapolated trajectory and physical locations, determining one of the physical locations to be an origin of the golf ball based on the distance measure(s) and two types of separately estimated errors, wherein a first of the two types of separately estimated errors affects ball positional error for the initial observations, and a second of the two types of separately estimated errors affects an angle of the extrapolated trajectory; and presenting golf ball data on a display device associated with the origin of the golf ball.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for three-dimensional object tracking includes, in at least one aspect, a method including: obtaining three-dimensional positions of objects registered by a detection system configured to allow more false positives so as to minimize false negatives, forming hypotheses using a filter that allows connections between registered objects when estimated three-dimensional velocity vectors roughly correspond to an object in motion in three-dimensional space, eliminating a proper subset of the hypotheses that are not further extended during the forming, specifying at least one three-dimensional track of at least one ball in motion in three-dimensional space by applying a full three-dimensional physics model to data for the three-dimensional positions used in the forming of at least one hypothesis that survives the eliminating, and outputting for display the at least one three-dimensional track of the at least one ball in motion in thr

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for three-dimensional object tracking includes, in at least one aspect, a method including: obtaining three-dimensional positions of objects registered by a detection system configured to allow more false positives so as to minimize false negatives, forming hypotheses using a filter that allows connections between registered objects when estimated three-dimensional velocity vectors roughly correspond to an object in motion in three-dimensional space, eliminating a proper subset of the hypotheses that are not further extended during the forming, specifying at least one three-dimensional track of at least one ball in motion in three-dimensional space by applying a full three-dimensional physics model to data for the three-dimensional positions used in the forming of at least one hypothesis that survives the eliminating, and outputting for display the at least one three-dimensional track of the at least one ball in motion in thr

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including: determining at least one three dimensional trajectory for at least one golf ball hit into a three dimensional physical space based on observations by at least one golf ball sensor placed adjacent to the three dimensional physical space; calculating systemic and stochastic errors for the at least one three dimensional trajectory in accordance with variations in golf ball launching position, variations in locations for the at least one golf ball sensor, or both; and presenting a report showing a summary of the calculated systemic and stochastic errors to indicate preferred hitting positions, a different location for the at least one golf ball sensor, or both.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including determining a three dimensional trajectory based on initial observations, extrapolating the three dimensional trajectory backward in time to generate an extrapolated trajectory, calculating distance measures between the extrapolated trajectory and defined physical locations, waiting for additional observations when none of the distance measures satisfy a threshold distance, identifying one of the defined physical locations as an origin when only one of the distance measures satisfies the threshold distance and an error measure satisfies a predefined criteria, identifying one of the defined physical locations as the origin when two of the distance measures satisfy the threshold distance and only one of first and second error measures satisfies the predefined criteria, and waiting for additional observations when neither the first error measure nor the second error me

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including determining a three dimensional trajectory based on initial observations, extrapolating the three dimensional trajectory backward in time to generate an extrapolated trajectory, calculating distance measures between the extrapolated trajectory and defined physical locations, waiting for additional observations when none of the distance measures satisfy a threshold distance, identifying one of the defined physical locations as an origin when only one of the distance measures satisfies the threshold distance and an error measure satisfies a predefined criteria, identifying one of the defined physical locations as the origin when two of the distance measures satisfy the threshold distance and only one of first and second error measures satisfies the predefined criteria, and waiting for additional observations when neither the first error measure nor the second error me

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including determining a golf ball trajectory based on observations by sensor(s), extrapolating the trajectory backward in time, calculating distance measure(s) between the extrapolated trajectory and physical locations, estimating a systemic error for observation(s), wherein the systemic error affects observed ball positions, estimating a stochastic error associated with the observation(s), wherein the stochastic error affects an angle of a trajectory determined from observed ball positions, combining the estimated systemic and stochastic errors to form error measure(s) for the distance measure(s), identifying one of the physical locations as an origin for the golf ball when the error measure(s) satisfy a criterion, and waiting for additional observations of the golf ball by the sensor(s) when the error measure(s) do not satisfy the criterion.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including determining a golf ball trajectory based on observations by sensor(s), extrapolating the trajectory backward in time, calculating distance measure(s) between the extrapolated trajectory and physical locations, determining one of the physical locations to be an origin of the golf ball based on the distance measure(s) and two types of separately estimated errors, wherein a first of the two types of separately estimated errors affects ball positional error for the initial observations, and a second of the two types of separately estimated errors affects an angle of the extrapolated trajectory; and presenting golf ball data on a display device associated with the origin of the golf ball.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects include a method including determining a golf ball trajectory based on observations by sensor(s), extrapolating the trajectory backward in time, calculating distance measure(s) between the extrapolated trajectory and physical locations, estimating a systemic error for observation(s), wherein the systemic error affects observed ball positions, estimating a stochastic error associated with the observation(s), wherein the stochastic error affects an angle of a trajectory determined from observed ball positions, combining the estimated systemic and stochastic errors to form error measure(s) for the distance measure(s), identifying one of the physical locations as an origin for the golf ball when the error measure(s) satisfy a criterion, and waiting for additional observations of the golf ball by the sensor(s) when the error measure(s) do not satisfy the criterion.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for three-dimensional object tracking includes, in at least one aspect, a method including: obtaining three-dimensional positions of objects registered by a detection system configured to allow more false positives so as to minimize false negatives, forming hypotheses using a filter that allows connections between registered objects when estimated three-dimensional velocity vectors roughly correspond to an object in motion in three-dimensional space, eliminating a proper subset of the hypotheses that are not further extended during the forming, specifying at least one three-dimensional track of at least one ball in motion in three-dimensional space by applying a full three-dimensional physics model to data for the three-dimensional positions used in the forming of at least one hypothesis that survives the eliminating, and outputting for display the at least one three-dimensional track of the at least one ball in motion in thr

Abstract: Process for the production of an organic acid from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process is integrated with a pulp mill and comprises: a) pre-treating a lignocellulosic feedstock with an alkaline liquor from the pulp, thereby obtaining a pretreated cellulosic feed and a black liquor; b) subjecting the pretreated cellulosic feed from step a) to enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby obtaining a saccharide feed; c) subjecting the saccharide feed from step b) to microbial fermentation using calcium oxide from the pulp mill as a neutralising agent, thereby obtaining an organic acid calcium salt; d) treating the organic acid calcium salt with sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining the organic acid; e) optionally isolating lignin from the black liquor obtained in step a), thereby obtaining lignin and weak black liquor; and f) returning the black liquor from step a) and/or the weak black liquor from step e) to the pulp mill chemical recovery process.

Abstract: A vehicle unit adapted to receive a GNSS raw data signal, characterised in that it comprises a secure processor or secure microcontroller unit (MCU) adapted to authenticate the GNSS raw data signal and securely calculate a position of the vehicle unit based on the authenticated or to be authenticated GNSS raw data signal.

Abstract: A cutting insert for a milling tool including an upper side having a central surface, a lower side, a peripheral side surface, and a cutting edge formed between the upper side and the peripheral side surface. The cutting edge having a positively inclined main cutting edge projecting at least partly above the central surface. The upper side includes a rake surface extending inside of and along the at least one cutting edge, sloping downward toward the central surface. A plateau, elevated with respect to the central surface and extending along the main cutting edge, is formed inside the rake surface. A transition between the rake surface and the plateau extends at an angle ?2 with respect to an upper extension plane, wherein ?2>0°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of an organic acid from a lignocellulosic feedstock.

Abstract: A vehicle unit adapted to receive a GNSS raw data signal, characterised in that it comprises a secure processor or secure microcontroller unit (MCU) adapted to authenticate the GNSS raw data signal and securely calculate a position of the vehicle unit based on the authenticated or to be authenticated GNSS raw data signal.

Abstract: A method for generating multimedia information in a mobile communication device, comprising the steps of: receiving and processing an incoming or outgoing call; in an analyzer, looking up call information for providing multimedia information associated with a particular call; inputting the multimedia information associated with said particular call into a multimedia information processor module; and by means of the processor module outputting the multimedia information in dependence of said particular call to a multimedia communication interface layer configured to provide multimedia communication, the processor module being configured to generate the multimedia communication interface layer as an overlay on top of or as an underlay under any other application or screen of the mobile communication device.