Abstract: The present invention provides an antibody that binds to an NTCP, capable of inhibiting infection of human hepatocytes with hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles. The present invention also provides an antibody that binds to an NTCP, capable of inhibiting infection of human hepatocytes with hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles, the antibody having a reduced effect on bile acid transport by NTCP.

Abstract: An antibody against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is provided, the antibody having a specific heavy chain variable region and a specific light chain variable region, or a fragment of the antibody, the antibody or fragment thereof inhibiting the binding between the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, the antibody or fragment thereof inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection; and a pharmaceutical composition including the antibody or fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the pharmaceutical composition including two or more kinds of the antibody or fragment thereof.

Abstract: In order to provide an antibody having high therapeutic and prophylactic effects against cancer and the like, three types of mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared which exhibit high affinities for a human-derived Eva1 protein. Moreover, constant regions of these antibodies were substituted with human-derived constant regions to also prepare chimeric antibodies. Further, these mouse antibodies and chimeric antibodies were found to have high ADCC and/or CDC activities. Furthermore, it was also revealed that administering these antibodies to mice having been subjected to melanoma cell administration suppresses the metastasis and the like of the cells to the lungs.

Abstract: In order to provide an antibody having high therapeutic and prophylactic effects against cancer and the like, three types of mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared which exhibit high affinities for a human-derived Eva1 protein. Moreover, constant regions of these antibodies were substituted with human-derived constant regions to also prepare chimeric antibodies. Further, these mouse antibodies and chimeric antibodies were found to have high ADCC and/or CDC activities. Furthermore, it was also revealed that administering these antibodies to mice having been subjected to melanoma cell administration suppresses the metastasis and the like of the cells to the lungs.

Abstract: Disclosed is an isolated monoclonal antibody against a human Transforming Growth Factor-? (TGF-?) Latency Associated Protein (LAP) degradate, the isolated monoclonal antibody being capable of recognizing an integrin binding site in the human TGF-? LAP degradate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an isolated monoclonal antibody against a human TGF-? LAP degradate, the isolated monoclonal being capable of recognizing an integrin binding site in the human TGF-? LAP degradate.

Abstract: In order to provide an antibody having high therapeutic and prophylactic effects against cancer and the like, three types of mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared which exhibit high affinities for a human-derived Eva1 protein. Moreover, constant regions of these antibodies were substituted with human-derived constant regions to also prepare chimeric antibodies. Further, these mouse antibodies and chimeric antibodies were found to have high ADCC and/or CDC activities. Furthermore, it was also revealed that administering these antibodies to mice having been subjected to melanoma cell administration suppresses the metastasis and the like of the cells to the lungs.

Abstract: Antibodies (Abs) play roles in protection against influenza. Neutralizing Abs either inhibit the binding of hemagglutinin (HA) to cellular receptors or prevent the conformational change of HA induced by low pH. The former Ab binds to the regions near the sialic acid-binding pocket on the globular head formed by HA1 and generally shows narrow strain specificity. The latter Ab binds to the stem region formed mainly by HA2 and shows broad strain specificity. We isolated a broadly neutralizing Ab against H3N2 viruses. X-ray analysis of the HA/Ab complex indicated that the Ab binds to the valley formed by two neighboring HA monomers at the side of the globular head. The Ab shows neutralizing activity by preventing the conformational change of HA induced at low pH.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an extract, kit and a process for synthesizing a protein in a cell-free system. The extract is characterized by being prepared from mutant Escherichia coli cells having a mutation in the ribosomal protein S12 gene. In a preferred embodiment, the mutation is such a mutation as conferring a resistance or dependence to streptomycin on E. coli whereby the reading efficiency of mRNA codon on ribosomes can be improved and thus the protein productivity can be elevated.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an extract, kit and a process for synthesizing a protein in a cell-free system. The extract is characterized by being prepared from mutant Escherichia coli cells having a mutation in the ribosomal protein S12 gene. In a preferred embodiment, the mutation is such a mutation as conferring a resistance or dependence to streptomycin on E. coli whereby the reading efficiency of mRNA codon on ribosomes can be improved and thus the protein productivity can be elevated.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a membrane protein folded to its native structure or active structure in a lipid disc or a liposome. The method comprises: (a) preparing a reaction solution for cell-free protein synthesis containing a polynucleotide encoding a membrane protein, a steroidal detergent, and a phospholipid, wherein the steroidal detergent is contained at a concentration higher than its critical micelle concentration; (b) decreasing the concentration of said steroidal detergent in the reaction solution; and (c) synthesizing the membrane protein simultaneously with formation of a lipid disk or liposome into which the synthesized membrane protein is integrated.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an extract, kit and a process for synthesizing a protein in a cell-free system. The extract is characterized by being prepared from mutant Escherichia coli cells having a mutation in the ribosomal protein S12 gene. In a preferred embodiment, the mutation is such a mutation as conferring a resistance or dependence to streptomycin on E. coli whereby the reading efficiency of mRNA codon on ribosomes can be improved and thus the protein productivity can be elevated.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a membrane protein folded to its native structure or active structure in a lipid disc or a liposome. The method comprises: (a) preparing a reaction solution for cell-free protein synthesis containing a polynucleotide encoding a membrane protein, a steroidal detergent, and a phospholipid, wherein the steroidal detergent is contained at a concentration higher than its critical micelle concentration; (b) decreasing the concentration of said steroidal detergent in the reaction solution; and (c) synthesizing the membrane protein simultaneously with formation of a lipid disk or liposome into which the synthesized membrane protein is integrated.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a process for producing an extract for cell-free protein synthesis whereby the productivity of a protein and the production efficiency can be improved. Cells are cultured under suppressed growth conditions. In the stationary phase of the culture, the cells are collected and then disrupted. The above-described cells are preferably bacterial cells, in particular, Escherichia coli cells. In the suppressed growth conditions as described above, the culture temperature is preferably from 20 to 32° C., more preferably 26° C. or higher and lower than 30° C.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an expression method for non-naturally-occurring amino acid-containing protein comprising: expressing in animal cells: (A) a mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase that is a mutation of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase originating in E. coli with an enhanced specificity for a non-naturally-occurring tyrosine derivative as compared with the specificity for tyrosine; (B) suppressor tRNA originating in Bacillus species, Mycoplasma species or Staphylococcus species of eubacteria and capable of binding with the tyrosine derivative in the presence of the mutant tyrosyl tRNA synthetase; and, (C) a desired protein gene that has undergone a nonsense mutation at a desired site; wherein, the tyrosine derivative is incorporated at the location of this nonsense mutation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an expression method for non-naturally-occurring amino acid-containing protein comprising: expressing in animal cells: (A) a mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase that is a mutation of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase originating in E. coli with an enhanced specificity for a non-naturally-occurring tyrosine derivative as compared with the specificity for tyrosine; (B) suppressor tRNA originating in Bacillus species, Mycoplasma species or Staphylococcus species of eubacteria and capable of binding with the tyrosine derivative in the presence of the mutant tyrosyl tRNA synthetase; and, (C) a desired protein gene that has undergone a nonsense mutation at a desired site; wherein, the tyrosine derivative is incorporated at the location of this nonsense mutation.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a process for producing an extract for cell-free protein synthesis whereby the productivity of a protein and the production efficiency can be improved. Cells are cultured under suppressed growth conditions. In the stationary phase of the culture, the cells are collected and then disrupted. The above-described cells are preferably bacterial cells, in particular, Escherichia coli cells. In the suppressed growth conditions as described above, the culture temperature is preferably from 20 to 32° C., more preferably 26° C. or higher and lower than 30° C.

Abstract: A method of expressing a protein having an unnatural amino acid integrated thereinto comprising expressing (A) a mutant tyrosyl tRNA synthase that is derived from Escherichia coli-origin tyrosyl tRNA synthase and has an elevated specificity for an unnatural tyrosine derivative compared with the specificity for tyrosine, (B) a suppressor tRNA originating in an eubacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, Mycoplasma or Staphylococcus which is capable of binding to the above tyrosine derivative in the presence of the above mutant TyrRS, and (C) a desired protein gene having a nonsense mutation at a desired site in animal cells to thereby incorporate the above tyrosine derivative into the nonsense mutation site in the above protein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystal of a complex of an epidermal growth factor (EGF) and an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a crystal of a complex of EGFR and a substance regulating EGFR activity, structure coordinates of these crystals, a method for screening for the substance regulating EGFR activity, a method for designing the substance regulating EGFR activity, a method for designing an EGFR variant or an EGF variant, a method for producing an EGFR variant or an EGF variant and an EGF variant or an EGFR variant obtainable by such method, a method for designing an epitope using the structure coordinates of the EGF-EGFR complex, a method for producing an anti-EGFR antibody or an anti-EGF antibody and an antibody obtainable by such method, a polypeptide or a salt thereof comprising a region that forms an EGFR dimerization site, and the like.

Abstract: We claim a method of expression a thioredoxin-fused membrane protein comprising expressing said thioredoxin-fused membrane protein in a cell-free protein synthesis system in the presence of a non-ionic detergent. It is preferable that the fused membrane protein which is a highly hydrophobic protein, e.g., a G protein-coupled receptor, can be produced in a state being highly soluble and capable of forming a biologically active three-dimensional structure. Also, this invention provides a recombinant polynucleotide encoding said thioredoxin-fused membrane protein which is expressed in the cell-free protein synthesis system.