Abstract: Methods of embedding and detecting a watermark into-from a digital image are disclosed. A method of embedding a watermark in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention into a digital image, the method comprising: generating a difference from an original image; segmenting said difference image into sub-regions; and calculating a watermark block into each sub-region by adding said watermark block with pixel values of each sub-region.

Abstract: An iterative error-correction for decoding digital data transmitted or broadcasted is disclosed. The present invention is especially effective when there is high transmission noise and is applicable in decoding Turbo codes. The iterative decoding generally utilizes at least two parallel decoding processes and comprises two iterations from which the decoded data is obtained by combining decoded elements of the iterations. Also, for each iteration, an intermediate decoded data element is multiplied by a scaling factor based upon parameters of the previously decoded data element block and is used on the next decoding iteration. By utilizing at least two parallel decoding processes, the number of errors is significantly reduced and the decoding process may be optimally terminated.